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CATALOGUE 
of the PORTRAITS 

and other WORKS OF ART 

INDEPENDENCE HALL 

PHILADELPHIA 



With a Short Historical Sketch 

OF THE Buildings Comprising 

the State House Row 



CATALOGUE 



OF THE 



PORTRAITS 



AND OTHER 



WORKS OF ART 
INDEPENDENCE HALL 

PHILADELPHIA 



WITH A SHORT HISTORICAL SKETCH 

OF THE BUILDINGS COMPRISING 

THE STATE HOUSE ROW 



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Copyright, 1915, 

by Wilfred Jordan and 

Carl Magee Kneass 

Photographs by Ph'. B. Wallace 



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"Eighty-two years ago this day a deed which 
neither France nor England, Greece nor 
Rome, ever witnessed, was done in Indepen- 
dence Hall, in the city of Philadelphia; a 
deed that cannot be matched in the history of 
the world. That old Hall should forever be 
kept sacred as the scene of such a deed. Let 
the rains of Heaven distil gently on its roof, 
and the storms of winter beat softly on its 
door. As each successive generation of those 
who have been benefited by the great Decla- 
ration made within its walls shall make their 
pilgrimage to that shrine, may they think it 
not unseemly to call its walls salvation and its 
gates praise!" 

From a Fourth of July oration delivered 
by Edward Everett in Boston, 1858. 



"Robert Edge Pine, an English artist, and 
follower of John Wilkes, came to this country 
in 1784. He brought with him a number of 
paintings and opened an exhibition of them 
in the State House, where he also conducted 
a studio. 

This was the earliest exhibition of pictures 
ever held in America." 



A SHORT HISTORY 
OF INDEPENDENCE HALL 

TNDEPENDENCE HALL-or the State House of 
1 Pennsylvania, as it was originally called— now 
comprises the main, or central building, the two 
arcades connecting it with two two-story buildings, 
called the wings, and the two larger buildings, one on 
the corner of Fifth Street and the other on the corner 
of Sixth Street. 

The State House and wings were designed and 
built by Andrew Hamilton, a barrister of Philadelphia. 
The two others, the lots for which he created a trust, 
were not built until after the close of the Revolution! 
The whole together, as completed, has a frontage on 
Chestnut Street of 396 feet, and was at the time of 
its completion the largest building for State and 
municipal purposes in America. 

After the Provincial Assembly of Pennsylvania 
had been compelled to "hire a house annually" to 
hold its meetings in, the Journal tells us that on the 
first of May, 1729, "the House took into considera- 
tion the necessity of a House of the Assembly for this 
Province to meet in, and it was unanimously resolved 
that £2000 of the £30,000 then to be emitted in paper 
currency should be appropriated towards building 
such a House." 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

The original draft of this bill, with its inter- 
lineations and amendments in the handwriting of 
Andrew Hamilton, is still preserved. 

Andrew Hamilton, a member of the Assembly, 
who was one of a committee of three appointed to 
select a site and put up the building, authorized Wil- 
liam Allen, a prominent merchant of Philadelphia, to 
buy, in his own name for the use of the Province, the 
first piece of ground necessary. This was in 1730, 
and by 1732 Hamilton succeeded in getting the bal- 
ance of ground needed. In the spring of 1732 ground 
was broken, and the building begun. 

It fell to Mr. Hamilton to carry out the design 
of the noble building he had planned; and, as usual 
in those days as well as in our own, while seeking 
conscientiously to serve the public without fee or 
reward, he was repaid by malicious insinuations and 
active opposition. The Assembly, however, by formal 
resolution approved all he did, and made Mr. Hamil- 
ton the first superintendent of the building. 

On August 8, 1732, the Assembly purchased from 
Mr. Allen the ground upon which the State House 
was built. 

The first public use to which any portion of the 
building was put was for a banquet to the citizens of 
Philadelphia by Mr. Allen, who was then Mayor. This 
banquet was given in September, 1736, in what has 
ever since been known as the Banqueting Hall. 

6 




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CATALOGUE OF PICTUEBS 

The first occupancy of the State House by the 
Legislature was in October, 1736, when Andrew Ham- 
ilton was elected Speaker for the seventh term, and 
Benjamin Franklin was clerk. The building was still 
unfinished in 1741, and in the summer of that year 
the Assembly insisted that at least the plastering and 
glazing should be finished for the next session, and that 
"the whole building with all its parts should be fin- 
ished without delay. ' ' 

In 1745 the finishing touches were given to the 
Assembly Eoom — the east room — and a handsome sil- 
ver inkstand (the one which was later used in signing 
the Declaration of Independence) was provided for the 
Speaker's table, at a cost of £25 16s. 

The second room prepared for use was the west- 
ern or Judicial Chamber, on the first floor. In 1743 
it was ordered to be finished upon a plan correspond- 
ing in style with the Assembly Eoom. 

In October, 1748, the Governor's Council took 
possession of the western chamber in the second story, 
which thereafter became Imown as "the Council 
Chamber. ' ' 

The staircase leading to the Council Chamber, 
and to the other two rooms on this floor, the Banquet- 
ing Hall and the room of the Clerks of the Assembly, 
was completed as early as 1741. 

In 1750 the Assembly ordered the tower to be 
carried up, ' ' to contain the staircase, with a suitable 
place thereon for hanging a Bell, ' ' and in June, 1753, 



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CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

Pass & Stow placed in position in the State House 
steeple a ''new great Bell, weighing 2080 lbs. with 
this motto : ' Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land 
unto all the inhabitants thereof. — Lev. xxvilO.' '* 

Pass & Stow were paid in September following 
£60 13s 5d. 

In 1752 a clock was ordered, and in 1759 it was 
in place and paid for. The State House was prac- 
tically completed at this time. 

SOME OF THE NOTABLE EVENTS IN 
INDEPENDENCE HALL 

/^F THE notable events that have taken place in 

the old State House the following are of especial 
interest : 

On June 16, 1775, Washington accepted his ap- 
pointment as General of the Continental Army in the 
east room (Declaration Chamber). 

On July 4, 1776, the declaration of the Colonies 
that they were and of right ought to be free and 
independent States was made in the east room 
(Declaration Chamber). 

The Convention to form a new Constitution for 
Pennsylvania met in the west (Supreme Court) 
chamber July 15— September 28, 1776. This Conven- 
tion unanimously approved the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, and on July 20, 1776, elected to Congress 
the delegates who were the Signers in behalf of 
Pennsylvania of that document. 

10 



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PEESIDENT'S CHAIR AND TABLE USED BY THE 
SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

The American officers taken at the Battles of the 
Brandy wine (September 11, 1777) and Germantown 
(October 4, 1777) were held in the Declaration 
Chamber by the British as prisoners of war. 

Congress, which had left Philadelphia in Decem- 
ber, 1776, reconvened in the east room March 4, 1777 ; 
they left again September 18, returned July 2, 1778, 
and continued to sit here until the close of the Revo- 
lution. 

On July 9, 1778, the Articles of Confederation 
and perpetual union between the States were signed 
in the Declaration Chamber by eight States. The 
five remaining signed later, the last (Maryland) on 
March 1, 1781. 

The Federal Convention to frame a Constitution 
for the United States met in this chamber May 14 
— September 17, 1787, and, after final action and en- 
grossing of the Constitution, those present affixed to 
it their signatures. 

The Convention for the State of Pennsylvania 
ratified the Federal Constitution here on December 
13, 1787. The Convention to frame the Constitu- 
tion of Pennsylvania of 1790 met in this chamber 
also. 

In 1802 the whole of the second floor of the State 
House was used as the Peale Museum, Charles W. 
Peale, the portrait painter, having been granted the 
use of it by the Legislature rent free. The Museum 
(i»ontained a number of portraits of distinguished per- 

12 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

sons, painted from life, chiefly by Peale himself and 
his son, Rembrandt Peale. There was a collection of 
birds, with the scenery appropriate to each — moun- 
tains, plains, water, etc. Insects were also exhibited. 
The Marine Room contained many amphibious ani- 
mals, as well as a variety of fishes. Minerals and 
fossils were also displayed. There was, too, a perfect 
skeleton of a mammoth. 

In 1824 Lafayette visited Philadelphia, and was 
given a reception in Independence Chamber. 

While the body of John Marshall, Chief Justice 
of the United States Supreme Court, was being re- 
moved, from the house on Walnut Street in which he 
died, to Virginia for burial, the Liberty Bell was or- 
dered tolled in honor of the great jurist. This was on 
July 8, 1835, and it was while being thus tolled that 
the Bell became cracked. 

The bodies of Henry Clay (1852), Elisha Kent 
Kane, the Arctic explorer (1857), and Abraham Lin- 
coln (1865) were among those which lay in state in 
Independence Hall. 

THE CITY AND THE COUNTY BUILDINGS 

VV/'HILE the constructive work of Andrew Hamil- 
ton embraced only the State House and adjoin- 
ing offices, he had recognized that the city and county 
would require better accommodations, and he had 
created a trust in the two pieces of ground on which 

13 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

stand Congress Hall (the County Building), at the 
corner of Chestnut and Sixth Streets, and the old 
City Hall, on the corner of Fifth Street. In order 
to bring the whole facade into one general effect Mr. 
Hamilton had stipulated that the buildings should be 
of like form, structure and dimensions. 

The County Building was begun in 1787 and fin- 
ished in 1789. The City Hall Building was begun in 
1789 and finished in 1791. 

The Congress of the United States occupied the 
County Building from the beginning of its third ses- 
sion, December 6, 1790, until the seat of government 
was removed to "Washington, District of Columbia, in 
1800. 

Washington was inaugurated in this building for 
his second term as President of the United States 
(March 4, 1793), and John Adams was inaugurated 
here on March 4, 1797. The House of Representatives 
occupied the lower floor; the Senate occupied the 
second floor. 

The Supreme Court of the United States held 
its first session on the second floor of the City Build- 
ing, beginning February 7, 1791, and continuing 
until August 15, 1800. The Supreme Court of Penn- 
sylvania sat on the second floor of this building also. 

The Mayor, Aldermen and Common Councilmen 
sat as one body in the large back room on the first 
floor. Adjoining, on the west side, was the Mayor's 
office, which was so used until March 27, 1895, when 
the office was moved to the new City Hall. 

14 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

The committee for the War of 1812 and that for 
the Civil War sat in this building. 

In March, 1812, Philadelphia got permission from 
the Legislature to remove a portion of the wings of 
the building, including the arcades, and to construct 
buildings for the public uses of the day. 

The new buildings were carefully planned, and 
erected by Robert Mills, the architect. 

PHILADELPHIA BUYS THE PROPERTY 

TN 1816 the City of Philadelphia became the actual 
owner of the entire property. The deed of sale 
was formally executed June 29, 1818, for and in con- 
sideration of the sum of $70,000. 

Several changes seem to have taken place at this 
time. Congress Hall was fitted up for the Supreme 
Court of the State, which since 1802 had been sitting 
in Independence Hall. 

In 1854 the second story of the State House was 
fitted up for the use of City Councils, which continued 
to meet there until 1895. 

Some years later the whole group of buildings 
was restored, and now Independence Chamber is kept 
as nearly as possible in its original state, as a 
memorial of the year 1776 and its associations. 

The building at the corner of Chestnut and Sixth 
Streets (Congress Hall) was restored in 1913, and it 
is hoped in the near future to restore the City 
Building at Fifth Street. 

15 




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THE LIBEETY BELL 



ARRANGEMENT AND LOCATION 
OF THE PICTURES 

THE nucleus of the collection of historical portraits at 
Independence Hall is based on the paintings secured from 
the famous Peale Museum, which at one time occupied the 
upper floor of this building. 

At the time of their sale at public auction, in 1854, a 
number of Charles Willson Peale 's original portraits of the 
Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Eevolutionary 
heroes and men of affairs in the early history of the United 
States were bought by the City of Philadelphia and re- 
stored to the old State House. 

In addition to the Peale portraits there is a unique 
collection of pastel portraits by James Sharpless, some 
excellent examples of Benjamin West, and valuable por- 
traits by Gilbert Stuart, Eobert Edge Pine, Thomas Sully, 
Allan Ramsay and others, together with William Rush's 
masterpiece: a full-length statue, after Stuart, of George 
Washington, carved in wood. The arrangement of the col- 
lection has been made without regard to artistic value of the 
portraits, the aim being to follow a careful historic classifi- 
cation in chronological order. 

The chamber to the immediate left of the Chestnut 
Street entrance — the room in which the Declaration of 
Independence was signed — is fittingly dedicated to the 
portraits of the Signers of that historic document. 

The opposite chamber is the room in which the Supreme 
Court sat. Here are hung the portraits of the Judges who 
presided over it. 

The vestibule and first story of the tower contain a 
miscellaneous collection of full-length portraits of important 
personages, including a group of British Kings and Queens. 

On the second floor the Banqueting Chamber is confined 
exclusively to portraits of Colonial and Revolutionary Penn- 
sylvania. The Governor's Council Chamber contains por- 
traits of the French, and other foreign allies, and Wash- 
ington and his Staff; while the opposite chamber, used by 

17 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

the Clerks of the Assembly, is devoted to portraits of the 
framers of the Constitution of the United States, together 
with a few other miscellaneous pictures. 

This catalogue is alphabetically arranged under the 
name of the subject. The number of each portrait is printed 
at the left of the name, and corresponds with the number 
on the frame of the picture. 

There are portraits of all but eight of the Signers of 
the Declaration of Independence. These are Button Gwin- 
nett, Lyman Hall, Francis Lightfoot Lee, John Penn, Caesar 
Rodney, James Smith, Matthew Thornton and John Morton. 
Of these Signers there are no authentic portraits known to 
exist, and for tliis reason they are not represented in this 
collection. 



18 



CATALOGUE 



1. ABOVILLE, FRANCOIS M. A. Rosenthal 

(After an original owned hy the family) 

A French Count. Born 1730; died 1817. He distin- 
guished himself as a young officer of artillery at the 
siege of Miinster, came to America with the rank of 
Colonel, commanded the artillery of Eochambeau's 
army at the siege of Yorktown, and was made a Briga- 
dier in 1788. He commanded the French Army of the 
North in 1792, and was Governor of Brest in 1809, 
with the rank of Lieutenant-General. Embracing the 
cause of the Bourbons, he was made a peer of France 
after the restoration. 

2. ADAMS, JOHN Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Massa- 
chusetts, second President of the United States. 
Born 1735; died 1826. Was graduated from Harvard 
in 1755, and took charge of the grammar school at 
Worcester, Massachusetts, for a short time, after which 
he became a lawyer. He removed from Worcester to 
Boston, when he was appointed one of the five dele- 
gates to the Continental Congress. Adams was one of 
the warmest supporters of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. In 1778 he was appointed a commissioner 
to France, and subsequently commissioner to treat for 
peace with Great Britain. After serving as Minister 
to the Court of St. James he became, upon the election 
of Washington, Vice-President of the United States, 
and after Washington's retirement was chosen Presi- 
dent by a small majority. 

3. ADAMS, SAMUEL B. Onthank 

(After J. S. Copley) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Massa- 
chusetts. Born 1722; died 1803. He was graduated 

19 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

from Harvard in 1740, and in 1764 drafted the instruc- 
tions given by the town of Boston to its newly chosen 
representatives with reference to Grenville's proposed 
Stamp Act. These instructions were the first public 
protest in America against the right of Parliament to 
tax the Colonies. In 1765 he was chosen one of the 
three representatives to the General Court from the 
town of Boston, and at the time of the Boston 
Massacre took a prominent part in the stirring events 
of the day. In June, 1774, at a meeting of the General 
Court it was proposed that a Continental Congress 
meet in Philadelphia. Samuel Adams was chosen one 
of the five delegates to this Congress, and was promi- 
nent by his energy and ability, not only in Congress, 
but also in the formation of the State Constitution 
of Massachusetts?. He was the author of many pam- 
phlets and State papers. 

4. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM Bass Otis 

(After Sir Joshua Eeynolds) 
Called ''Lord Stirling." General in the American 
Revolution. Born 1726; died 1783. He joined the 
Commissary of the British army, and attracted the 
notice of Governor Shirley, who appointed him his per- 
sonal aide-de-camp and private secretary. When the 
Revolution broke out he was commissioned a Colonel 
in the Continental Army, and in 1776 was raised to 
Brigadier-General, and in 1777 to Major-General. He 
commanded New York for a time, and participated in 
the battles of Long Island, Brandywine, Germantown 
and Monmouth. He was one of the founders of King's 
College, now Columbia University. 

5. ALLEN, WILLIAM Benjamin West 

Chief Justice of Pennsylvania 1750-1774. Born 1710; 
died 1780, He was a distinguished patron of literature 
and the arts. He was appointed recorder of the city 
of Philadelphia in 1741. Allen was of great assistance 
to the celebrated artist Benjamin West, and cooperated 
with Benjamin Franklin in establishing the College 
of Philadelphia. Being a Loyalist he withdrew to 

20 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




GEOEGE WASHINGTON 
Painted from life by James Peale 

21 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUKES 

England in 1774, where he published *' The American 
Crisis," suggesting a plan for restoring the depend- 
ence of the American colonies. 



6. ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 

Queen Anne, the last sovereign of the House of Stuart. 
Born 1665; died 1714. She was a daughter of King 
James II, was educated in the Protestant religion, and 
married, in 1683, Prince George of Denmark. Before 
this event she had formed an intimacy with Sarah 
Jennings, Duchess of Marlborough, who became her 
favorite adviser and for a time exerted an almost un- 
limited influence over her. Anne succeeded William 
III in March, 1702, and declared her purpose to pursue 
his foreign policy, which involved England in the war 
of the Spanish Succession. In her domestic admin- 
istration Anne favored the Tory party. Godolphin, 
who was considered a moderate Tory, became Prime 
Minister. In the last year of her reign Anne coop- 
erated with her Ministers in secret in formulating 
designs to secure the succession to her half-brother, 
the Pretender. Several years later the Queen was 
seized with an apoplectic fit which terminated fatally. 
The plans of the Jacobites were disconcerted by her 
sudden death, and George I, of the House of Hanover, 
obtained possession of the throne. 



7. ARMAND, CHARLES TREFIN Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles TV. Peale) 

Charles Trefin Armand, Marquis de la Eouaire. Born 
1751; died 1793. He served for ten years in the French 
Guards. In 1777 he received from Congress the com- 
mission of Colonel and permission to enlist a legion 
of two hundred men. In 1778 he commanded as 
Colonel, at the camp at Valley Forge, a corps of light- 
armed troops. He served during the entire war. Upon 
the signing of peace in 1783 he was promoted to the 
rank of Brigadier-General. Shortly after this he re- 
turned to France and took an active part in the Revo- 
lution there. 

22 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 2 

JOHN ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

23 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

8. ARMSTRONG, JOHN, JR. Albert Rosenthal 

(After Bemhrandt Peale) 

An American General. Born 1758; died 1843. In 1775, 
while a student at Princeton, he enlisted in the Con- 
tinental Army and was appointed aide-de-camp to Gen- 
eral Hugh Mercer, and after the latter 's death became 
aide to General Gates. At the close of the war he re- 
turned to his home at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was 
appointed Adjutant-General and Secretary of State 
of Pennsylvania. He was United States Senator, 
1800-1804, and Minister to France, 1804-1810, and Min- 
ister to Spain 1806-1810. In 1812 Armstrong was com- 
missioned a Brigadier-General and was assigned to 
the command of the city and harbor of New York. 
In 1813 he was Secretary of War. It was he who wrote 
the first of the celebrated ''Newburgh Letters" which 
appeared anonymously. 

9. ARMSTRONG, JOHN Rembrandt Peale 

An American General. Born in Ireland 1725; died 
1795.- He came to America in 1745, and served with 
distinction in the French and Indian War. He was 
commissioned a Brigadier-General in the Continental 
Army in March, 1776, was present at the action at Fort 
Moultrie, and commanded the Pennsylvania militia at 
the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. Ap- 
pointed Major-General in 1778. Served twice as a 
member of the Continental Congress from Pennsyl- 
vania. 

10. ATLEE, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS Albert Rosenthal 

(After a wax relief) 

Born 1735; died 1793. Lived in Lancaster County, 
Pennsylvania, where he was admitted to the bar and 
became prominent in his profession. He was elected 
Chief Burgess of Lancaster in 1770. Upon the breaking 
out of the Eevolution he became an active Whig, and 
in 1776 was chosen Chairman of the Lancaster Com- 
mittee of Safety. Atlee was appointed, in 1777, Judge 
of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in 1778 

24 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 3 

SAMUEL ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

25 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUilES 

Commissioner of British prisoners confined at Lan- 
caster. He was reappointed Judge of the Supreme 
Court in 1784, and in 1791 was appointed President 
Judge of the district composed of York, Lancaster and 
Dauphin counties, which position he filled up to the 
time of his death. 

11. BALDWIN, ABRAHAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After Eohert Fulton) 

Statesman. Born 1754; died 1807. He was graduated 
at Yale in 1772. From 1777 to the close of the Eevo- 
lution he was a chaplain in the Army. At the close 
of the war he went to Savannah, Georgia. In 1784 
he was elected to the State Legislature of Georgia, 
He was a delegate to the Continental Congress 1785- 
1788, and was a member of the Federal Constitutional 
Convention. Baldwin was a Member of Congress 1789- 
1799. United States Senator 1799-1807, and President 
pro-tempore of the Senate 1801-1802. 

12. BARRY, JOHN Colin Campbell Cooper 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 

Naval officer. Born in Ireland 1745; died 1803. Barry 
offered his services to Congress at the opening of the 
Eevolution, and in 1776 was given command of the 
Lexington, in which he made the first capture of a 
British war vessel. During the winter of 1776-1777 
he commanded a company of volunteer artillery and 
assisted in the operations at Trenton. In 1777 he cap- 
tured a British war vessel in the Delaware, with four 
small sailboats. In 1778 he was assigned to the com- 
mand of the Raleigh, and in 1781 to the Alliance. He 
conveyed Colonel Laurens on a special mission to 
France. On the establishment of the new navy, m 
1794, he was named senior officer with the rank of 
Commodore. 

13. BARTRAM, WILLIAM 

Botanist, son of John Bartram. Born 1739; died 1823. 
He traveled in the Southern States, making scientific 

26 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

collections. For several years he raised indigo on the 
St. John's Eiver in Florida. Bartram published books 
descriptive of his travels and made a complete list 
of native American birds. His fame rests chiefly on 
his book, ' ' Travels Through North and South Carolina, 
etc.'' 



14. BARTLETT, JOSIAH Caroline Weeks 

(After John Trumbull) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Hampshire. Governor of New Hampshire. Born 1729; 
died 1795. He commenced the practice of medicine 
in Kingston, but was deprived, because of his zealous 
advocacy of Whig principles, of various appointments 
which he received from the Royal Governor. As a 
delegate to the Continental Congress he was the first 
to vote for the Declaration, and the first, after Presi- 
dent John Hancock, to sign it. In 1779 he was ap- 
pointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas Court of 
New Hampshire, and in 1788 became Chief Justice 
of the Supreme Court of that State. In 1793 he was 
elected first Governor of New Hampshire under the 
new State Constitution. 



15. BARNEY, JOSHUA Charles W. Peale 

American naval officer. Born 1759; died 1818. For 
bravery shown in action he was made a Lieutenant on 
the schooner Wasp. During the Revolution he was 
seven times taken prisoner, and each time escaped or 
was exchanged. After having captured the Charming 
Mollie he was given a ship, and sent to clear the Dela- 
ware River of British privateers. He captured the 
General Monk, an eighteen-gun ship, and for his brav- 
ery in this action was voted a sword by the Pennsyl- 
vania Legislature. During the War of 1812 he was 
assigned to the defense of Washington City. In 1815 
he was sent on a mission to Europe by President 
Monroe, but ill health compelled him to return. 

27 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

16. BASSETT, RICHARD Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles Saint Memin) 

Governor of Delaware. Born in Delaware; died 1815. 
Member of the Continental Congress under the old 
confederation in 1787. Bassett was also a member of 
the convention which framed the Federal Constitution, 
from the State of Delaware. From 1789 to 1793 he 
was United States Senator from Delaware, and was 
the first member of that body to cast his vote in favor 
of locating the capital on the banks of the Potomac. 
In 1801 he was appointed a Judge of the United States 
Circuit Court. 

17. BAYLOR, GEORGE Albert Rosenthal 

(After a miniature) 

A Revolutionary officer. Born 1752; died 1781 at Bar- 
badoes. West Indies, where he had gone for his health. 
He was appointed an aide-de-camp to General Wash- 
ington in 1775. After the Battle of Trenton he carried 
the news of the success to Congress, by whom he was 
presented with a horse, and recommended for promo- 
tion. He was made a Colonel of dragoons in 1777. His 
command was surprised on the night of September 17, 
1778, near Tappan, New York, by General Gray. 
Baylor was dangerously wounded, and sixty-seven of 
his men were butchered in cold blood, and the re- 
mainder, with himself, captured. After his exchange 
he served until the end of the war. 

18. Bedford, Gunning, Jr. Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Feulc) 

American patriot and statesman. Born 1747; died 
1812. Entered the Revolutionary Army as Major, and 
became Lieutenant-Colonel. He was an aide-de-camp 
to Washington for a short time during the Revolution, 
a delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress 
1783-1786, was a member from Delaware of the con- 
vention which framed the Federal Constitution, and 
a signer of that instrument. He was Judge of the 
United States Court and Attorney-General of Dela- 
ware. 

28 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 14 

JOSIAII BARTLETT, NEW HAMPSHIRE 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

29 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

19. BIDDLE, CLEMENT Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W, Peale) 
"Quaker Soldier." Born 1740; died 1814. When the 
Revolution broke out he organized what was called 
the Quaker Volunteers. In 1776 Congress elected him 
a Colonel and Deputy Quartermaster-General. He re- 
mained in the army until 1780. Biddle took a promi- 
nent part in support of the Federal Constitution 1787. 
He was a warm personal friend of General Washing- 
ton, and considered by him' one of his best officers. 



20. BIDDLE, JAMES Charles W. Peale 

American naval officer. Born 1783; died 1848. He 
entered the navy and saw service on board the frigate 
Philadelphia, and the sloop of war Wasp. Biddle was 
present at the capture of the British sloop Frolic. 
Shortly after this he was made prisoner by the British. 
On being exchanged his rank was raised and he was 
given command of the Hornet. After some eventful 
service he returned to New York, where many honors 
were bestowed upon him for his fine seamanship and 
gallant conduct. Congress gave him a gold medal and 
the rank of Captain. In 1845, as Commander of the 
East Indian Squadron, he went to China, and made a 
treaty with that country. He acted for the United 
States in the Oregon boundary question. 



21. BIDDLE, NICHOLAS Charles W. Peale 

American naval officer. Born 1750; died 1778. At the 
age of thirteen he made a voyage to the West Indies. 
In 1770 he entered the British navy, but deserted his 
ship and joined an Arctic expedition. After returning 
to America he was made Captain, and assigned to the 
command of a vessel, and was placed in charge of 
Andrea Doria. From this time till his death he was 
extremely fortunate in all his engagements with Brit- 
ish ships. In 1778, while cruising with a fleet of five 
vessels near Charleston, South Carolina, he fell in 
with the Yarmouth, a British frigate, sustained severe 

30 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

injuries, which caused his ship, the Eandolph, to blow 
up, and Biddle and three hundred of his crew 
perished. 

22. BLAKELEY, JOHNSTON D. R. Fairfax 

American naval officer. Born in Ireland 1781; died 
1814. After his father's removal to North Carolina 
he passed a few years in the University of that State. 
In the year 1800 he obtained a midshipman's warrant, 
and in 1818 was made Commander of the new ship 
Wasp. He captured the British sloop Keindeer after 
an action of nineteen minutes. Congress voted him a 
gold medal. The last account of the Wasp is that she 
was spoken off the Western Isles. In what manner 
Blakeley and his crew perished is not known. 



23. BLAIR, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
American jurist. Born 1732; died 1800. He studied 
law at the Temple, London, and soon became promi- 
nent in his profession. Became a member of the Vir- 
ginia Legislature in 1765, and of the Council in 1776. 
In 1777 he was Judge of the Court of Appeals, after- 
ward Chief Justice. He was a delegate from Virginia 
to the Federal Convention, and with Washington and 
Madison, alone of all the Virginia delegates, voted for 
its adoption. In 1789 he was appointed by President 
Washington a Judge of the United States Supreme 
Court. 

24. BLOUNT, WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 
Statesman. Born 1744; died 1800. He was a member 
from North Carolina of the Continental Congress 1783- 
1784 and again 1786-1787, and a signer of the Federal 
Constitution from North Carolina. In 1790 Blount 
was appointed Governor of the territory south of the 
Ohio Eiver. United States Senator from Tennessee 
1796, but was impeached in July, 1797, for being con- 
cerned in the conspiracy to deliver New Orleans and 

31 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

the Floridas to the British. The proceedings against 
him increased his popularity in Tennessee, and he was 
elected to the State Senate and chosen President of 
that body. 

25. BOUQUET, HENRY Mary Ellis Robins 

Military officer. Born in Switzerland 1719; died 1766. 
He was appointed a Lieutenant-Colonel in the British 
Army in 1756. In 1763 he was sent by General Am- 
herst from Canada with military stores and provisions 
for the relief of Fort Pitt. While on his way he was 
attacked by a powerful body of Indians, but by a 
skillful manoeuver supported by the determined brav- 
ery of his troops he defeated them and reached the 
Fort in safety. In the following year he was sent 
from Canada on an expedition against the Ohio In- 
dians, and reduced a body of Shawnees, Delawares, 
and other Indians to the necessity of making peace 
at Tuscarawas. At the time of his death he was a 
Brigadier-General in the British service. 

26. BOUGAINVILLE, LOUIS ANTOINE de 

Albert Rosenthal 

(After an original painting owned by the family) 

French soldier and navigator. Born 1729; died 1811. 
He studied for the bar, and was admitted a counselor 
of the Parliament of Paris. In 1753 he became aide- 
de-camp to General Chevert. He went to London in 
1754 as Secretary of the French Embassy. He after- 
ward served as aide-de-camp under the Marquis de 
Montcalm in Canada, was sent to France in 1758 for 
reinforcements, and returned to Canada in 1759. In 
1763 he engaged in the naval service, and in 1766-1769 
made a yoyage around the world. He commanded a 
French ship of the line in the American Revolution, 
and distinguished himself in all the engagements be- 
tween the fleets of France and England. Was made 
Commodore in 1779, and in 1780 a Field Marshal in the 
army. He was retired from service after having 
served in the army and navy with great distinction 
for more than forty years. 

32 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



%*»- 




No. 33 

CARTER BRAXTON, VIRGINIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

33 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 



27. BOUDINOT, ELIAS Charles W. Peale 

American statesman and philanthropist. Born 1740; 
died 1821. He practiced law in New Jersey, and dur- 
ing the Eevolutionary War became Commissary-Gen- 
eral of prisoners. He was chosen a delegate to 
Congress from New Jersey in 1777, and served until 
1779, and again from 1781 to 1784, and from 1789 
to 1795. In 1782 he was chosen President of Congress, 
and as such signed the Treaty of Peace with Great 
Britain. In 1795 he was appointed a director of the 
Mint at Philadelphia, retaining that office until 1805. 
He was the first President of the American Bible 
Society, and gave it $10,000. Among his other be- 
quests was 13,000 acres of land to the corporation of 
Philadelphia that the poor might be supplied with 
wood at low prices, and 3000 acres to the Philadelphia 
Hospital for the benefit of foreigners,. 



28. BOWDOIN, JAMES 

Born 1752; died 1811. Graduated at Harvard in 1771; 
spent a year in college at Oxford, England; traveled 
in that country and on the Continent. On his return 
to the United States went into politics. He was a 
member of the State Assembly, Senate and Council 
of Massachusetts, The Government sent him as 
Minister to Spain in 1805, and commissioned him to 
treat with Spain concerning ''territories, wrongful 
captures, condemnations and other injuries," On the 
establishment of Bowdoin College — named in honor 
of his father — he gave it 6000 acres of land, illOO, and 
bequeathed it a large library and a valuable collec- 
tion of paintings. 



29. BRACKENRIDGE, HUGH HENRY Albert Rosenthal 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 
Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Born 
1748; died 1816. Graduated at Princeton in 1771, in 
the class with James Madison. He was the master 

34 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

of an academy in Maryland before the Eevolution, In 
1781 he settled at Pittsburgh, which he deemed favor- 
ably situated for becoming a large town, and in its 
improvement he took a great interest. He wrote for 
the newspapers many essays in prose and poetry. 
In 1799 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Pennsylvania. A few years before his death 
he removed to Carlisle, Pennsylvania. 



30. BRANT, JOSEPH (Thayendanegea) Charles W. Peale 

Indian Chief. Born 1742; died 1807. He was a noted 
Chief of the Mohawks, and was in the British service 
with a Colonel's commission, during the Revolutionary 
War. After the war his great influence with the dif- 
ferent Indian tribes was thrown on the side of peace, 
and in July, 1793, at the solicitation of Washington and 
Clinton, he visited the Miamis and materially assisted 
the Indian commissioners in securing a treaty of peace 
between that tribe and the United States. He visited 
England in 1786 and raised the funds with which the 
first Episcopal Church in Upper Canada was built. He 
translated the Gospel of Saint Mark into the Mohawk 
language, and, together with Colonel Daniel Clans, 
translated into the same tongue the Book of Common 
Prayer. 



31. BRADFORD, WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

Printer and soldier of the Revolution. Born 1719; 
died 1791. In 1742 he opened a printing ofl&ce in 
Philadelphia, and published the ''Pennsylvania 
Journal," He was a spirited writer and took up the 
patriot cause in his Journal. When the war broke 
out he was appointed a Major and later a Colonel in 
the army, fighting at the battles of Trenton and Prince- 
ton, where he was wounded, and was at Fort Mifflin 
when it was bombarded in 1777. After the British 
troops withdrew from Philadelphia he retired from the 
army, broken in health. 

35 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

32. BRADFORD, JR., WILLIAM Bass Otis 

(After Charles Saint Memin) 

w7of\^''T ^^^^'/i^^ 1795. Graduated at the Col- 
ege of New Jersey (now Princeton) in 1772. Studied 
law under Edward Shippen, and was admitted to the 
bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. In 1776 
??77T AvQ^P*'"''' '> Humpton's regiment, and from 
1777 to 1779 was a deputy Muster-Master-General with 
the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. Bradford was ap- 
pointed Attorney-General of Pennsylvania in 1780- 
made Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 
1/91, and Attorney-General of the United States in 
1/94. In August of that year he was one of the com- 
missioners to confer with the insurgents of Western 

iTloZte-J'^ "^^ ^ ''^•^■^^ '' '''''^'^ -^- ^- 

33. BRAXTON, CARTER j^^,,, ^^^^^^^^^ 

(^fter a miniature) 
Sigper of the Declaration of Independence from Vir- 
ginra. Born 1736; died 1797. He was educated at 
Wilham and Mary College. Entered the Honse of 

StTclfHetJ'T'^ "\"«^' ''"^ - "65 Supported 
h.r 5 t J^ 7 ' '^''""P ^"^ resolntioEs. Was a mem- 
by thV rov""'"""".* Legislatures that were dissolved 
dele!^L?„T„''"n''^-^"'«'°'^- P^y*"" Randolph, a 
andXaJon Continental Congress, died in 1775, 

and Braxton was chosen to succeed him. He was a 

T'^r.""^^"'" ^''^ «^»™<' °f Delegates of Virginia 
under the Constitution and served in the legislfdve 
bodies of his State until his death. ''^S'SJative 

34. BEODHEAD, DANIEL Albert Eosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 
Revolutionary General. Born 1736; died 1809 He 
Ihetj.lT'^ff^ of riflemen in 1775, who served in 
^n^n? 1 ' 1 ^""Z^ ^'^^°^- ^^ ^^« ^ate^ appointed 
l^lTl r^ *^' ^^^^*^ Pennsylvania Regiment. In 
1778 he led an expedition against the Muskingum In- 
dians, which was successful. He made two important 
36 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 41 

CHAELES CARROLL, MARYLAND 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

37 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 
treaties with the ludiaas, one on July 22 177Q „;^^. 

of PenSylvIria ^ ^''"^ ''^ ""^ Surveyor-General 

35. BEYAN.GEOEGE Albert Eosentha. 

trS?e Jd"™ \^e^^ tVn^e- a^l "'""^ ^o''"^"^- 
»n,e years in co^^.e^ciS '^Ir'su^H T^Setl^r 
He was a member of the State Assembly and in 1765 
was a member of the Stamp Act Congress, in which 
he took an active part. He was Vice-President of th^ 

t:!^T:t\TBr^ ""T"' "/ ^--y'^'a^from 

fn 77S f^ Declaration of Independence. He was 

in 1778 advanced to the Presidency and in 1770 

, (^fter John Trumhujl) 

land die'd 17M ^-"'"''-"y f™y. Born in Ire- 

affairs in Ohio 'Lt:r"f: ^PP""*'', •!?""* '" ^'■^'- 
Indians in ^1^^ ^^VZ^ll^TZZl'^X: 
21 c:rS"oVre%:°r=^ was bad!y^„"n'dTd 
wounds dressed l^T.o^^^X^^ ^^l' "^ 

r. BUTLER, PIERCE ait. ^ « 

Albert Rosenthal 
Q ^ -^ MAer a miniature) 

senator. Born in 1744- diprl liR99 tt^ , 

Lieutenant in the British army fn ^itl^rl T'^'-'' 
1762, and Major in 1766, but r^s^ ^d Wore^^h'e'Tevo" 
38 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No, 44 

SAMUEL CHASE, MAEYLAND 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

39 



CATALOGUE OF PIC TUBES 

lutionary War broke out, and settled in South Caro- 
lina. He was a member of Congress in 1787-1788, and 
a member from South Carolina of the convention which 
framed the Federal Constitution. After the adoption 
of the Constitution he was elected United States Sena- 
tor from his State in 1789-1796, and again in 1802- 
1804. He was also for a time a director of the United 
States Bank. 

38. CADWALADER, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

Eevolutionary General. Born 1742; died 1786. He was 
a member of the Philadelphia Committee of Safety, 
and was appointed by Congress a Brigadier-General. 
He participated in the battles of Princeton, Brandy- 
wine, Germantown and Monmouth. At Trenton 
Washington intrusted him with one of the divisions 
of the army. He fought a duel with General Thomas 
Conway in consequence of the intrigue of the latter 
against Washington. After the war he was a member 
of the Assembly of Maryland. 

39. CADWALADER, LAMBERT Albert Rosenthal 

(After Thomas Sully) 
Eevolutionary soldier. Born 1743; died 1823. As a 
Colonel of a New Jersey regiment in the Revolutionary 
Army he served in the war and was taken prisoner 
by the British at the capture of Fort Washington, 
New York. He was exchanged in the course of time 
and returned to his estate near Trenton, and did not 
again enter the military service. From 1784 to 1787 
he represented New Jersey in the Continental Congress, 
and was a member, from the same State, of the First 
and Third Congresses of the United States. 

40. CAMBRAY, CHEVALIER DU Albert Rosenthal 

(After an original in the Versailles Gallery) 
He entered the French service as a candidate for the 
Royal Corps of Artillery in 1771, and was not made an 

40 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

officer as there was no vacancy. He left for America 
with De Carmichael in 1778, and arrived in the month 
of June. In the ''Memoirs of Lafayette" at that 
time is a letter where he writes to his wife that Du 
Cambray will be well pleased, for he was appointed 
by Congress Lieutenant-Colonel in the Corps of En- 
gineers. Under orders of DuPortail he fortified 
Charlestown in 1779. Then he was Commander of Ar- 
tillery in the Department of the West. After peace 
was restored he was appointed a Major of the Pro- 
vincial Troops. 



41. CARROLL, CHARLES Charles W. Peale 

Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, last surviving Signer of 
the Declaration of Independence, from Maryland. Born 
1737; died 1832. At the age of eight he was sent to 
France to be educated, and in 1757 entered the Middle 
Temple for the study of law. He was appointed by 
Congress one of the Commissioners to go to Canada 
to induce the Canadians to join the American cause. 
On July 4, 1776, he was elected a Member of Congress 
and took his seat July 18, and on August 2 he signed 
the Declaration. In 1788, he was elected first United 
States Senator from the State of Maryland, and in 
1797, was one of the Commissioners to settle the bound- 
ary line between Maryland and Virginia. 



42. CHASTELLUX, MARQUIS DE Charles W. Peale 

Francois Jean de Chastellux, a French General and 
author. Born 1734; died 1788. He wrote an admired 
''Essay on Public Happyness" in 1772, which Voltaire 
preferred to Montesquieu's "Spirit of Laws." In 1775 
he was admitted into the French Academy. In 1780 he 
came to America, where he served as Major-General in 
the American Army under Rochambeau for three years. 
He was a warm personal friend of General Washington. 

41 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

43. CHARLES II M. McDowell 

(After Sir Peter Lely) 

King of England, Scotland and Ireland, the eldest sur- 
viving son of Charles I. Born 1630; died 1685. After 
the decisive triumph of the Parliament at Naseby, in 
1645, he retired to Jersey, and the next year joined his 
mother at Paris. In 1649 he was proclaimed King by 
the Scottish Parliament on condition of his good be- 
havior. Charles was crowned at Scone January 1, 1761, 
Cromwell having defeated the Eoyalist Army at Dun- 
bar, and reduced a great part of Scotland. Charles 
marched with his Scottish army into England, closely 
pursued by his enemy. His hopes that the English would 
rally to his standard were disappointed, and the enter- 
prise terminated in his defeat at Worcester, September 
3, 1651. Charles escaped, and after many adventures 
finally found safety in France. The restoration of 
Charles to the throne is ascribed to the loyalty and 
prudence of General Monk, seconded by the favor of 
the people and the law of reaction. He appointed 
Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, Prime Minister. In 1662 he 
married Catherine of Braganza, daughter of the King 
of Portugal. In 1665 he declared war against the Neth- 
erlands. Peace was restored by the treaty of Breda in 
1667. 



44. CHASE, SAMUEL Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Mary- 
land. Born 1741; died 1811. At an early age he took 
up the study of law at Annapolis, Maryland, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1761. He soon became promi- 
nent in his profession, and was elected a member of 
the Legislature. He was an ardent patriot and resisted 
the Stamp Act. Chase was sent by his State as a dele- 
gate to Congress in 1774, and continued a member until 
the end of 1778. The Maryland delegates were re- 
strained by special instructions from voting for inde- 
pendence, but after an absence from Congress he re- 
turned to Philadelphia just in time to join in adopttng 
the decisive resolution. In 1788 he became Chief Jus- 

42 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



**^^- 



No. 46 

ABRAHAM CLARK, NEW JERSEY 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

43 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

tice of the Criminal Court at Baltimore, and was also 
a member of the Convention which adopted the Fed- 
eral Constitution. In 1791 he became Chief Justice of 
the General Court of Maryland. In 1796 he was made 
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. 

45. CHEW, BENJAMIN George Lambdin 

Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. Born 1722: died 1810 
He studied law with Andrew Hamilton, also in Lon- 
don, and, m 1745, removed from Maryland to Phila- 
delphia, where he was Recorder from 1755 to 1772 
also Register of Wills and Attorney-General. In 1774^ 
he succeeded William Allen as Chief Justice of Penn- 
sylvania but, being opposed to the Revolution, he 

I^ i™ '^"^ P^'^V^ i^^^ ^^ ^™' H^ ^^« appointed, 
A ?' President of the High Court of Errors and 

Appeals. He continued in that station until the aboli- 
tion of the Court in 1806. 

46. CLARK, ABRAHAM James R. Lambdin 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Jersey Born 1726; died 1794. In early life he devoted 
himself to surveying and conveyancing. He became 
High Sheriff of Essex County, New Jersey, and clerk 
of the Colonial Assembly. At the beginning of the 
Revolution he distinguished himself as a member of 
the Committee of Public Safety. On June 21 1776 
he was elected to Congress, and was continuously 
reelected until 1783, with the exception of one year 
1779. He again served in 1787-1788. Clark was a 
member of the New Jersey Legislature 1782-1787 and 
chosen a delegate to the Convention which framed the 
Federal Constitution, but never took his seat, and in 
1789 was appointed a commissioner to settle the ac- 
counts of New Jersey with the United States. Later 
he became a member of the National Congress, servino 
from 1791 till the time of his death. 



44 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



•%^J 



4 



No. 48 

GEOEGE CLYMER, PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

45 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUKES 

47. CLARK, WILLIAM Charles W. Peale 

An American General and explorer. Born 1770; died 
1838. He was a brother of George Kogers Clark. Cap- 
tain Merriwether Lewis and he were the leaders of an 
exploring expedition which by order of the Govern- 
ment crossed the continent from St. Louis to the mouth 
of the Columbia Eiver in 1804. He was Governor 
of Missouri Territorv from 1813 to 1821. 



48. CLYMER, GEORGE E. D. Marchant 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Penn- 
sylvania. Born 1739; died 1813. He inherited from 
his uncle, William Coleman, who had directed his edu- 
cation, a considerable fortune. Was a member of the 
Pennsylvania Council of Safety, and July 29, 1775, be- 
came Continental Treasurer. On July 20, 1776, he was 
appointed, with James Wilson and others, to succceed 
those members of the Pennsylvania delegation in Con- 
gress who had refused their assent to the Declaration 
of Independence and had abandoned their seats. Al- 
though Mr. Clymer's signature is aflEixed to that docu- 
ment he was not present at its adoption. He was re- 
elected to Congress in 1777, and continued an active 
member until May of that year, when he was forced 
to ask leave of absence on account of ill health. He 
was again elected in 1780, and served until 1782. He 
was a member of the Federal Convention which signed 
the Constitution of the United States. Clymer was 
also a member of the first National House of Repre- 
sentatives. 



49. COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON Albert Rosenthal 

(After J. S. Copley) 

Painter. Born 1737; died 1815. He began at an early 
age to develop an artistic temperament. In 1760 Cop- 
ley sent to Benjamin West, in England, without name 
or address, a portrait which at once gave him a place 
among artists of recognized merit. TMs painting is 
known as the ''Boy and the Flying Squirrel." In 

46 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

1767 Copley was elected a fellow of the Society of 
Artists of Great Britain. In 1779 he was elected a 
member of the Koyal Academy. 

50. CORTEZ, HERNANDO 

The conqueror of Mexico. Born 1485; died 1547. He 
resolved to seek his fortunes in the New World, and 
made a successful conquest of the island of Cuba. Prom 
there he went into Mexico, where his exploits met with 
more or less success. 

51. CUSTINE, COUNT DE Albert Rosenthal 

(After an original hy Philippeau in the Versailles Gallery) 

Adam Philippe de Custine. Born 1740; died 1793. He 
was a Captain of Dragoons in 1758, serving with dis- 
tinction in the Seven Years War. After this war he 
was commander of a regiment of dragoons, but ex- 
changed into a regiment of infantry which was going 
to the aid of America. He was appointed Quarter- 
master-General of French forces in the United States 
1778-1783. Was present at the surrender of Corn- 
wallis at Yorktown. On his return to Prance he was 
made Governor of Toulon. He favored the Revolution, 
which put him at the head of the Army in 1792. At 
first he had success, but was finally forced to retire. 
He returned to Paris and was guillotined in 1793. 

52. GUSHING, THOMAS 

American statesman. Born 1725; died 1788. Grad- 
uated at Harvard 1744. In 1766 he became a member 
of the Massachusetts Assembly, and was Speaker of 
that body for several years. He was elected to the 
first Continental Congress in 1774, and reelected in 
1775, He was a candidate for reelection in 1776, but 
owing to his opposition to the Declaration of Independ- 
ence was defeated. Subsequently he became Lieuten- 
ant-Governor of Massachusetts, and in 1788 was a 
member of the Massachusetts convention which ratified 
the Pederal Constitution. 

47 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

53. DA VIE, WILLIAM RICHARDSON Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Soldier. Born 1756; died 1820. Graduated at Prince- 
ton in 1776, and began the study of law, but abandoned 
it to accept a commission as Lieutenant of a company 
of dragoons, joining Pulaski's Legion, and rose to the 
rank of Major. He received a severe wound at the 
Battle of Stono Ferry in 1779, and returned to his 
home, where in 1780 he raised a body of cavalry and 
joined in the defense of South Carolina. He was 
a member of the convention from North Carolina which 
framed the Federal Constitution, and wa^ elected Gov- 
ernor of South Carolina in 1799. 

54. DAYTON, JONATHAN Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Statesman and soldier. Born 1760; died 1824. Grad- 
uated at Princeton 1776, studied law and was admitted 
to the bar. He entered the Continental Army and was 
appointed a regimental Paymaster, and later an aide- 
de-camp to General Sullivan. In 1798 he was made a 
Brigadier-General. Dayton was a member of the con- 
vention from New Jersey which framed the Federal 
Constitution, and was elected to the National Congress 
from that State in 1791. He became a United States 
Senator in 1799, and served until 1805. 

55. DEARBORN, HENRY Charles W. Peale 

Physician and soldier. Born 1751; died 1829. He 
studied medicine and began to practice in 1772. Dur- 
ing his leisure he made a study of militarj'' tactics, 
making his knowledge available during the Revolu- 
tionary War. The day following the Battle of Lexing- 
ton, with sixty minutemen he marched to Cambridge 
and covered the American retreat. He participated in 
the Battle of Bunker Hill, accompanied Arnold's ex- 
pedition to Canada, where he was taken prisoner in 
the attack on Quebec. After his exchange he fought 
at the battles of Stillwater, Saratoga, Monmouth, New- 
town, and at the siege of ^orktown. Was chosen Brig- 

48 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



^m 



No. 63 

WILLIAM ELLERY, RHODE ISLAND 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

49 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

adier-General 1787, and Major-General 1795. Twice 
elected to Congress, he was Secretary of War under 
Jefferson, Collector of the Port of Boston, and in 1812 
was appointed a Major-General and assigned to the 
Northern department, taking part in the War of 1812, 
capturing York (now Toronto) and Fort George. He 
was suspected of political intrigues and recalled, but 
was at once appointed Commander of New York City. 
In 1822 President Monroe sent him as Minister to 
Portugal, 

56. DECATUR, STEPHEN Gilbert Stuart 

American naval officer. Born 1779; died 1820. His 
first voyage was made on one of his father's ships. He 
became a midshipman in 1798 and shipped under Com- 
modore Barry on the frigate United States. When 
trouble arose with Tripoli Commodore Richard Dale 
was fitted out with a squadron and sent to bring the 
Tripolitans to terms, Lieutenant Decatur accompanied 
him as a First-Lieutenant on the Essex. His most 
conspicuous act at Tripoli was the burning of the 
frigate Philadelphia. During the War of 1812 Decatur 
commanded the frigate United States, and captured 
the British frigate Macedonian, A gold medal was 
voted him by Congress. In 1814 he took command of 
the President. In 1816 he was appointed a Navy 
Commissioner. Commodore Barron, who, at the begin- 
ning of the War of 1812, had been deprived of his 
command of the Chesapeake, took exceptions to certain 
remarks which Decatur made about him. The latter 
refused to retract, but did all else in his power to 
restore friendliness, but Barron challenged Decatur. 
A duel was fought at Bladensburg, in which both were 
wounded, Decatur died that night. 



57. DEHASS, JOHN PHILIP Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

Soldier. Born in Holland 1735; died 1786. In 1750 
he emigrated with his father to America, and settled 
in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, He was an Ensign 

50 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

in the French and Indian War. In 1776 he was ap- 
pointed a Colonel of the First Pennsylvania Kegiment, 
and served in Canada and at Ticonderoga. In 1777 he 
was appointed a Brigadier-General, serving in the army 
until the close of the Eevolution. 

58. DICKINSON, JOHN Charles W. Peale 

Publicist. Born 1732; died 1808. Studied law in Phila- 
delphia, and passed three years at the Temple, London. 
On his return to the Colonies he practiced law in 
Philadelphia. Was a member of the Pennsylvania 
Assembly in 1764, and a member of the Continental 
Congress in 1774. He opposed the Declaration of In- 
dependence when the question of voting on the same 
arrived, and absented himself intentionally from Con- 
gress. In 1777 he was commissioned by Congress a 
Brigadier-General in the army. He was again elected 
to Congress in 1779 from Delaware. Dickinson served 
as a member from Delaware of the convention which 
framed the Federal Constitution. He was noted as a 
powerful writer against the policy of Great Britain 
toward her colonies, and was the author of the cele- 
brated "Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to the 
Inhabitants of the British Colonies. ' ' 



59. DILLON, ARTHUR Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 

French General. Born 1750; died 1794. He commanded 
a regiment in the West Indies, and later in the Ameri- 
can colonies. Was present at the siege of Yorktown, 
and later took part in the capture of Grenada, Tobago, 
and Saint Christopher. He was Governor of Saint 
Christopher in 1782, and later chosen a Deputy State's 
General. In 1792 he was appointed to the command 
of a Corps d'Armee under Dumauriez, and, although 
he was not altogether in sympathy with the new 
regime, he consented to defend France from foreign 
invasion. He was recalled in 1793, imprisoned, and 
put to death in 1794. 

51 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

60. DUFFIELD, GEORGE George Polk 

American clergyman. Born 1732; died 1790. Ordained 
a minister of the Presbyterian Church in 1761, and was 
pastor of several different churches throughout Penn- 
sylvania. He finally was placed in charge of the 
Third Church of Philadelphia. During the Revolution 
he served as Chaplain, and was so hated by the enemy 
that a reward was offered for his head. 

61. DUMAS, MATHIEU Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Count Mathieu Dumas, a French General and historian. 
Born 1753; died 1837. He was aide-de-camp to Count 
de Rochambeau in the American Revolution, where he 
served, 1780-1783. In the French Revolution he was 
identified with the party of Lafayette, and was charged 
with several important missions. In 1701 Dumas com- 
manded the troops which guarded Louis XVI on his 
return from Varennes, and was raised to the rank of 
General. He was condemned to death in the Reign of 
Terror, but escaped to Switzerland. Dumas became 
a General of Division in 1815, and an aide-de-camp, 
and later Major-General under Napoleon. He also co- 
operated with Lafayette in the Revolution of 1830, 
after which he was made a peer of France. 

62. DUPORTAIL, CHEVALIER Charles W. Peale 

Louis Lebeque Duportail, a French officer. Born 1736; 
died 1802. He served with distinction in the American 
Colonies under Lafayette, with whose political opinions 
he agreed, first as Colonel, and later as Brigadier-Gen- 
eral in 1777, and Major-General in 1781. By the in- 
fluence of Lafayette he was appointed Minister of War 
to France in 1790. The hostility and violence of the 
Assembly induced him to resign in 1791. In the Reign 
of Terror he escaped death by exile to America in 
1794. In 1802 he was recalled to France, but died 
during the passage home. 

52 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



N^^^ 
^ 



No. 71 

WILLIAM FLOYD, NEW YORK 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

53 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

63. ELLERY, WILLIAM S. B. Waugh 

(After John Trum'b^lU) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Rhode 
Island. Born 1727; died 1820. Graduated at Harvard 
in 1747 and was engaged in mercantile pursuits until 
1770, when he began the practice of law in Newport, 
Rhode Island. In 1776 he took his seat in Congress as 
one of the delegates from Rhode Island, and remained 
in that body, with the exception of the years 1780-1782, 
until 1786. In 1790 he was appointed Collector of New- 
port, and filled that office until the date of his death. 



64. ELLERY, WILLIAM J. R. Lambdin 

(After John Trumbull) 
See No. 63. 



65. ELLSWORTH, OLIVER Albert Rosenthal 

(After James Sharplc^s) 

Chief Justice of the United States. Born 1745; died 
1807. Graduated at Princeton 1766, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1771. Chosen a delegate to the Conti- 
nental Congress in 1777. He was a member from Con- 
necticut, of the convention which framed the Federal 
Constitution, but he did not sign that instrument. He 
was elected, in 1789, to the Senate of the United 
States. According to John Adams ' ^ he was the firmest 
pillar of Washington's whole administration in that 
body.' ' He was appointed Chief Justice of the United 
States Supreme Court by Washington in 1796. He was 
sent to Paris in 1799, as Envoy Extraordinary, and 
with his colleagues. Governor Davie and Patrick 
Henry, negotiated a treaty with Prance. 



66. ESTAING, COUNT D^ Albert Rosenthal 

(After Franque, after Sahlet) 

Count Charles Hector d'Estaing, a French Admiral. 
Born 1729; died 1794. He served in India under Count 
Lally in 1758, and in 1763 was chosen Lieutenant- 
General of the Naval Armies of Prance, though his 

54 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

experience was gained in the land service. In 1778, 
as Vice-Admiral, lie commanded the fleet sent to aid 
the Americans. Just as his fleet met that of Lord 
Howe near Ehode Island, in 1778, a violent storm sep- 
arated them, with much damage to the French. He 
returned to France in 1780, and was guillotined in 1794. 



67. FEBIGER, CHRISTIAN Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

American soldier. Born 1746: died 1796. He came 
from Denmark and settled in the American Colonies 
in 1773, and at once espoused the patriot cause, joined 
the army and distinguished himself at the Battle of 
Bunker Hill. In 1776 he was appointed a Lieutenant- 
Colonel in the Virginia line. Colonel Febiger retired 
from actual service in 1783, and settled in Philadel- 
phia, where he engaged successfully m business. 



68. FERSEN, AXEL VON Albert Rosenthal 

(After a pastel hy Lundberg) 

Count Axel von Fersen, Field Marshal of the Army of 
Sweden. Born 1750; died 1810. He entered the 
French service and fought under Eochambeau for 
America. In the disguise of a coachman he conducted 
Louis XVI and his family out of Paris in their flight 
to Varennes. In 1791 Count von Fersen returned to 
Sweden and was appointed Marshal of the Kingdom in 
1801. He was murdered in 1810 by a mob who sus- 
pected him of complicity in the death of Prince Chris- 
tian. 



69. FEW, WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After John Bamage) 

American soldier. Born 1748; died 1828. When a boy 
he removed with his father to North Carolina. He was 
a Colonel in the Continental Army and distinguished 
himself in several actions. He settled in Georgia, and 
in 1778 was appointed Surveyor-General of that State. 
Few was presiding Judge of the County Courts in 

55 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

1780, and was sent as a delegate to Congress, remaining 
m that body until peace was proclaimed. He was a 
delegate, from Georgia, to the convention which framed 
the Federal Constitution and was a signer of the same 
United States Senator 1789-1793. In 1796 he was a 
member of the convention which framed the Constitu- 
tion of the State of Georgia. Late in life he resided 
m New York. 

70. FINDLAY, WILLLA.M 

Governor of Pennsylvania. Born 1768; died 1846. He 
was elected to the Legislature in 1797 and in 1803 
and in 1807-1817 was State Treasurer. He was Gov- 
ernor from 1817 to 1820. He was elected a United 
States Senator in 1821. In 1827-1840 he was Treasurer 
of the United States Mint at Philadelphia. 

71. FLOYD, WILLIAM R L. Henry 

(After William Polk) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
York. Born 1734; died 1821. Early in the controversy 
with Great Britain he became conspicuous for the 
energy with which he championed the popular cause 
m consequence of which he was appointed a delegate 
to Congress, and remained a delegate in that body for 
eight years. He was State Senator in New York for 
ten years. In 1801 he was chosen a member of the 
convention to ratify the Federal Constitution in that 
State. 

72. FORREST, URIAH 

Soldier. Born 1756; died 1805. He attained the rank 
of Colonel m the Continental Army, was wounded at 
the Battle of Germantown, and lost a leg at Brandy- 
wme. He was a delegate to Congress 1786-1787, and 
1793-1795. From 1800 till the time of his death he 
was clerk of the Circuit Court of the District of 
Columbia. 

66 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 73 

BENJAMIN FEANKLIN, PENNSYLVANIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

57 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

73. FEANKLIN, BENJAMIN George Etter 

c,. ^ (After David Martin) 

syfvanif ^^f^f^^^^^^^i^" of Independence from Penn- 
dled 17qo ^^^^"^"^^^ ?^^^ philanthropist. Born 1706- 
1723 Iniy^fi".'^"'' *' Philadelphia from Boston in 
semhlv nf P l^e ^as made Clerk of the General As- 
Sd^;!'! tT^^^^^ ^"^.^^ 1^^^ Postmaster of 

f fpt .. 1 ? ^I^^ ^^ projected the college which 

va'r '^Tn\T6VT''' ?.^ University of ^Persyl 
frw; \- r ?^ ^^^^"^ ^^ose experiments in elec- 
tricity which made him known throughout the world 

ana assisted in founding the Pennsylvania Hosnital Tn 
and1n'&i^?r'''^' ' delegate ^o Confr'esf 1 75, 
draw u^ tZ' T) i' ""'!' ^PPo^^ted on the Committee to' 
draw up the Declaration of Independence. The same 
year he was sent as a Commissioner to France and 

ounlrv 'He "''' ''^ "^^'^'^ «^ ^"^-^ -^h' that 
lZteIstSe."'^%^ ''^°'' '! '''' Constitution of the 

were of so wirlP ' Z'^''^''"! *^ ^^^'^^^ ^^<^ humanity 
were ot so wide and important a character that if i« 
impossible to enumerate them fully he^e 

74. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN B.T.Welch 

See No. 73. 

75. FULTON, EOBEET 

removed to PaHsln'l7"r''From mf'trisnl' ^ ^''T 

^;;.:i -=- :i^S S 

i«03. Having returned to America in ISOR i. i! -i^ 
58 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 
76. GADSDEN, CHRISTOPHER Charles W. Peale 

American patriot and Eevolutionary General. Born 
1724- died 1805. He received his education m Jling- 
land' From 1741 to 1745 he was clerk in a counting- 
house in Philadelphia, and then made a second visit to 
Encrland After his return to America he engaged in 
business on his own account and accumulated quite a 
fortune. He was a delegate to the first Colonial Con- 
gress in 1765, and member of the first Continental 
Concrress in 1774. At the beginning of the Eevolution 
he entered the army as a Colonel. In 1776 he was 
promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General For a tinae 
he was Lieutenant-Governor of South Carolina. In 
1782 he was elected Governor, but declined the office 
on account of his age. 

77. GALLATIN, ALBERT Charles W. Peale 

Born 1761; died 1849. He came to America from his 
home in Switzerland in 1780 and taught French at 
Harvard for a time. He went to Fayette County, 
Pennsylvania— then a part of Virginia— in 1784. In 
1790 he was sent to the Pennsylvania Legislature, 
where he served until 1793. He was elected to Con- 
gress 1795-1801. President Jefferson made him Sec- 
retary of the Treasury. From 1816 to 1823 he was 
United States Minister to Paris. Gallatin wrote ex- 
tensively against war and on the currency. 

78. GATES, HORATIO Charles W. Peale 

Eevolutionary General. Born 1728; died 1806. He en- 
tered the British army at an early age and served as 
Captain under General Braddock. Retiring from the 
service he bought an estate in Virginia, where he re- 
sided when the Eevolution broke out. In 1776 he was 
made a Major-General by Congress, and given command 
of the Northern Army. In 1777 Gates was made 
President of the Board of War. In 1780 he was ap- 
pointed to command the Southern Army. On August 
6, 1782, he was totally defeated at Camden, South 

59 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

Carolina, by Cornwallis, with a loss of 900 killed and 
many wounded and taken prisoners. On account of this 
disaster Congress ordered an inquiry to be made into 
the conduct of Gates, who retired to his estate. The 
inquiry resulted in his honorable acquittal, but he 
took no further part in the war. In 1800 he removed 
to New York, where he died in 1806. 

79. GEORGE I 

George Lewis I, King of Great Britain and Ireland. 
Born 1660; died 1727. He married his cousin, Sophia 
Dorothea, daughter of the Duke of Zell, in 1682. In 
1698 he succeeded his father as Elector of Hanover. 
In 1701 the English Parliament passed the Act of 
Settlement, excluding the son of James II, and entailed 
the Crown on the Electress Sophia, as the nearest 
Protestant heir, in case neither the King nor the Prin- 
cess Anne should leave issue. Sophia died in 1714, and, 
on the death of Queen Anne, the son of Sophia was 
proclaimed as George I. 

80. GEORGE II 

George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland, the only 
son of George L Born 1683; died 1760. In 1705 he 
married the Princess Carolina of Brandenburg- Anspach. 
George II ascended the throne in June, 1727. George 
gained a victory in the war against Spain in 1743, 
the last battle where a King of England appeared at 
the head of his troops. In 1755 the English and 
French were embroiled by the question of the American 
boundary, and the former became the ally of Fred- 
erick the Great in the Seven Years War. A series of 
victories over the French in Canada, India and at sea 
occurred during the last years of the reign of George 11. 

81. GEORGE III Allan Ramsay 

(From life) 

King of Great Britain and Ireland. Born 1738; died 
1820. Eldest son of Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, 

60 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 83 

ELBEIDGE GERRY, MASSACHUSETTS 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

61 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

and grandson of George II. He ascended the throne 
on October 25, 1760. Pitt, who was Prime Minister, 
resigned. In 1761 George married the Princess Char- 
lotte, a daughter of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 
War was declared against Spain in 1762. The treaty of 
Paris restored the peace of Europe and recognized the 
right of England to Canada and Florida. In 1763 
Bute suddenly resigned as Prime Minister, and Lord 
Grenville became First Lord of the Treasury. In 1765 
Grenville proposed and enacted a bill for imposing a 
stamp duty in the American Colonies. In July, 1765, 
the Marquis of Kockingham became Prime Minister, 
and the Stamp Act was repealed. In 1766 Eockingham 
was dismissed and Pitt was again appointed Prime 
Minister and created Earl of Chatham. New taxes 
were imposed upon the Americans in 1767, which pro- 
voked violent opposition. Chatham resigned in 1768, 
was succeeded by Lord Grafton, and Lord North was 
made Prime Minister from 1770 to 1782, during which 
period the Colonies resisted with success the British 
armies, and were finally separated from the Empire, 
George III became insane in 1811, and his son George 
was appointed Eegent, the mental malady of the King 
continuing until his death in 1820. 



82. GERARD, CONRAD ALEXANDRE Charles W. Peale 

(From life) 

Diplomatist. Born in France 1729; died 1790. He was 
one of the secretaries of Count de Vergennes, Foreign 
Minister under Louis XVI, and as such arranged and 
signed the treaty of alliance between France and the 
United States in 1778. He was the first French Min- 
ister accredited to the United States (1778). He re- 
mained in this country until 1779. 

83. GERRY, ELBRIDGE J. Bogle 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Massa- 
chusetts. Born 1744; died 1814. Graduated at Har- 
vard 1765, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 

62 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 99 

JOHN HANCOCK, MASSACHUSETTS 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

63 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

84. GILMAN, NICHOLAS ait,^„ 

//i! , Albert Rosenthal 

. ' ^/^^^ « Jrait;w«^ by John Trumbull) 

American statesman. Born 1755- died 1914 tt^ 

snire 17»fa-1788, and a member from that State nt tL 

wr:?ec'?e°at"" ''""f" '"^ ^^^-'" CoLt'luUo"n' He' 
r789 1797 ^.Z'''™''"'*?'™ "' "■'^ National Congress 

85. GLENTWOBTH. GEOEGE Albert Rosenthal 

T>, . . _ MAer J. ^. Copley) 

rrUn-versro/lLhtlh ^L"l75rr ^ n^ 

army, when the Revolution broke out he servpd «« 

86. GOODHUE, BENJAMIN ^xni- 

, j^viUAmij^i William Southworth 

TT • -. (After John Wriaht ) 

United States Senator. Born 1748- died 1S14 r i 

uated at Harvard I7fifi Qr./i :. i ' -^^' ^^^<^- 

mereial pursuits Up wo ^^^^3^ engaged in com- 

Senate 1784 1789 r^Li ^ "'^"'^"' ^^ t^^ State 

enate 1/84 1789. Goodhue was a member of the first 



64 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



^:- 



# 



No. J "3 

BENJAMIN HAREISON, VIRGINIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

65 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

National Congress from Massachusetts, and served till 
1795. His knowledge of business affairs proved of 
service to him as a legislator, and with the assistance 
of Mr. Fitzsimmons, of Philadelphia, he drew up a 
code of Revenue Laws, the majority of which are still 
in force. In 1796 he was elected United States Sen- 
ator, serving until 1800. 

87. GORHAM, NATHANIEL Albert Rosenthal 

(After John ISingleton Copley) 

American statesman. Born 1738; died 1796. He took 
an active part in public affairs at the beginning of the 
Revolution. He was a delegate from Massachusetts 
to the Continental Congress 1782-1783, and again 1785- 
1787, serving part of the time as President of that 
body. He frequently served in the State Legislature 
and was a member from Massachusetts of the conven- 
tion called to frame the Federal Constitution, and 
was a signer of that instrument. 

88. GOUVION, JEAN BAPTISTE Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
French soldier. Born 1747; died 1792. He was an 
officer of engineers in the French Army, came to 
America in 1777, served on the staff of Lafayette, and 
was appointed a Major, and afterward Lieutenant- 
Colonel of Engineers. After the close of the Eevolu- 
tion he was granted a pension by this Government for 
his services at Yorktown. He returned to France at 
the end of the war, and became a Major-General in the 
National Guard in 1789, In 1791-1792 he was Deputy 
in the National Assembly. He was made a Lieutenant- 
General, and commanded the vanguard of Lafayette 's 
army when he was killed. 

89. GRAEME, THOMAS Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Physician. Born 1688; died 1772. Came to this country 
from Scotland in 1717, and settled in Philadelphia. In 
1731 he was appointed Justice of the Supreme Court 

66 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

of Pennsylvania. In 1749 he was chosen the first 
President of St. Andrew's Society. He was one of the 
founders of the Pennsylvania Hospital. 



90. GRASSE-TILLY, FRANCOIS JOSEPH PAUL 

Albert Rosenthal 

(After Mauzaiye) 

Count de Grasse, a French Admiral. Born 1723; died 
1788. He first served in the navy with the Knights 
of Malta in 1734. While in charge of a convoy to the 
East Indies he was captured, in 1742, by the British, 
and imprisoned in England. In 1778 he was made a 
Captain. In 1781, as Lieutenant-General, de Grasse set 
out from France with a large fleet conveying a land 
force to the American Colonies. He assisted in the 
operations against Cornwallis at the time of his sur- 
render at Yorktown. He received the thanks of Con- 
gress for his share in the decisive victory. 



91. GREENE, NATHAN AEL Charles W. Peale 

American General. Born 1742; died 1786. He distin- 
guished himself at the battles of Trenton, Princeton, 
Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and elsewhere. 
He was appointed to succeed General Gates in command 
of the Southern Army in 1780. He commanded at 
Guilford Court House and Eutaw Springs in 1781, as 
well as doing other important campaigning in the 
South. 



92. GRIFFIN, CYRUS David S. Pope 

(After Thomas Sully) 

President of Congress. Born 1749; died 1810. In 1778 
he was elected a delegate to Congress from Virginia, 
and again in 1787. Under the Constitution of the 
United States he was a Judge of the United States 
District Court of Virginia from December, 1789, to 
1810. 

67 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

93. GUICHEN, LUC URBAIN DE BOUEXIC 

Albert Rosenthal 

(After Paulin Guerin) 
French naval officer. Born 1712; died 1790. He was 
made a Lieutenant-General in 1779, and commanded 
the Marine of Brest. He was sent with the French 
allies to assist the American Colonies during the Eevo- 
liition. In 1780 he gained a victory over the English 
fleet under Admiral Rodney, at Martinique. In 1781 
De Guichen was in turn defeated by Admiral Kempen- 
felt, who took twenty of his vessels. 



94. GURNEY, FRANCIS Albert Rosenthal 

(After a silhouette) 

Soldier. Born 1738; died 1815. He served in the 
French and Indian War, after which he settled in 
Philadelphia as a merchant. When the Revolution 
broke out he was made a Captain in the militia. In 
1776 was promoted a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Conti- 
nental Army, participating in several important battles. 
After the war he returned to Philadelphia and engaged 
in mercantile pursuits. He was one of several resi- 
dents of Philadelphia who gave bonds to the amount of 
i260,000 for procuring supplies for the army. 



95. HABERSHAM, JOSEPH Charles W. Peale 

Statesman. Born 1751; died 1815. He was a member 
of the first commission appointed by the Friends of 
Liberty in Georgia, and was later a member of the 
Council of Safety. In January, 1776, he raised a body 
of volunteers who took the Royal Governor of Georgia 
prisoner. After Savannah was taken by the British 
he removed to Virginia. At the close of the Revolu- 
tion he ranked as Lieutenant-Colonel. Habersham was 
a member of the State Assembly, and its Speaker 
from 1785 to 1790, and was Postmaster-General of the 
United States 1795-1801. 

68 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 107 

JOHN HART, NEW JERSEY 

Signer of the. Declaration of Independent 

69 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 
96. HAMILTON, ANDREW 

An eminent lawyer of Philadelphia. Born 1676; died 
1741. He was Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly 
1729-1739. He filled many public stations with honor, 
• integrity and ability, among others that of architect 
and superintendent of Independence Hall. 



97. HAMILTON, ALEXANDER Charles W. Peale 

Born 1757; died 1804. He came from the West Indies 
and settled in New York in 1772, and attracted great 
attention as a pamphleteer in the political agitation 
preceding the Revolution, 1774-1775. He entered the 
Continental service in 1776, and was appointed a mem- 
ber of Washington's staff 1777-1781, where he served 
with distinction. In 1781-1783 he was a Member of 
Congress, and in 1787 was a delegate from New York 
to the Constitutional convention, in which he took a 
prominent part. He was Secretary of the Treasury 
1789-1795, and later was appointed Inspector-General 
of the Federal Army 1799. He was mortally wounded 
by Aaron Burr in a duel at Weehawken, New Jersey, 
July 11, 1804. 



98. HAMILTON, JAMES Benjamin West 

Governor of Pennsylvania. Born 1710; died 1783. He 
was made Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Penn- 
sylvania, elected to the Provincial Assembly in 1734, 
and reelected five times. He was Mayor of Philadel- 
phia in 1745. In 1748 he was commissioned Lieuten- 
ant-Governor of Pennsylvania, and again in 1759-1763; 
acting Governor in 1773. In the Revolution he was 
made a prisoner of war, and lived at Northampton dur- 
ing the occupancy of Philadelphia by the British. He 
was a trustee of the College of Philadelphia, and the 
head of the American Philosophical Society. 

70 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

99. HANCOCK, JOHN S. F. B. Morse 

(After J. S. Copley) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Massa- 
chusetts, patriot and statesman. Born 1737; died 1793. 
Graduated at Harvard 1754, and was employed in the 
counting-house of an uncle, who died and left him a 
large fortune. He was chosen a member of the Massa- 
chusetts House of Kepresentatives in 1766, and it was 
the seizure of one of his vessels, The Liberty, in 1761, 
by British Customs officers which occasioned the riot of 
that year. He was elected a delegate of the Provincial 
Congress in 1774 and subsequently became its Presi- 
dent. He was a delegate to the Continental Con- 
gress 1775-1780 and 1785-1786, serving as President of 
that body 1775-1777. The Declaration of Independence 
as first published bore only the signature of Mr. Han- 
cock, President, and Charles Thomson, Secretary of 
Congress. Eeturning to Massachusetts Hancock was 
chosen Governor of that State 1780-1785, and again 
1787, to which oflfice he was annually reelected until 
his death. 

100. HAND, EDWARD 

Soldier. Born in Ireland 1744; died 1802. In 1774 he 
accompanied a British regiment to the Colonies as a 
surgeon's mate. Shortly after his arrival he resigned 
and started the practice of medicine in Pennsylvania. 
When the Kevolution broke out he was commissioned 
a Lieutenant-Colonel, and in 1777, was appointed a 
Brigadier-General. He was a Member of Congress 
1784-1785, a signer of the Pennsylvania Constitution 
1790, and occupied many local offices of public trust. 



101. HANSON, ALEXANDER CONTEE Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles Saint Memin) 
Jurist. Born 1749; died 1806. He was high in the 
confidence of Washington, and lived for some time with 
his family, acting as his private secretary for several 
months. He was first Judge of the General Court of 

71 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

Maryland. He was a delegate to the State convention 
which ratified the Federal Constitution in 1788, and in 
1789 was elected Chancellor of his State. He wrote 
forcibly on most of the political questions of the day. 

102. HANSON, JOHN Charles W. Peale 

Born 171S; died 1783. He was a member of the Mary- 
land House of Delegates 1757-1781. Was commissioned 
by the Maryland Assembly to establish a gun-lock fac- 
tory, and to manufacture gun locks for the use of the 
Continental Army. He was a delegate to Congress 
from 1781 until his death. He served one year as 
President of Congress, and in that capacity gave 
Washington the thanks of Congress for the victory 
at Yorktown. 

103. HARE, ROBERT Rembrandt Peale 

American chemist. Born 1781; died 1858. Professor 
of chemistry in the medical department of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania 1818-1847. He invented the 
calorimoter (a form of battery by which a large 
amount of heat is produced) in 1816. He was an ex- 
tensive writer on chemistry and physics. 

104. HARMAR, JOSIAH Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
American General. Born 1753; died 1813. In 1776 he 
entered the Continental Army as a captain and later 
became Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1784 he conveyed to 
France the ratification of the Definitive Treaty. In 
1785 he was appointed Colonel and Commander of the 
forces on the Northwest frontier. In 1787 he was 
brevetted a Brigadier-General. In the war with the 
Indians, in 1790, he marched from Fort Washington, 
with 1463 men, against the Miamis. 

105. HARRISON, BENJAMIN J. R. Lambdin 

(After John TrumhuU) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Vir- 
ginia. Born 1740; died 1791. In 1764 he became a 

72 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



'^^ 



,:r' 



No. 112 
JOSEPH HEWES, NORTH CAROLINA 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

73 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

member of the Virginia House of Burgesses and for a 
time presided over that body. In 1774 he was ap- 
pointed a delegate to Congress and was four times 
reelected to a seat in that body. In 1776 he was Chair- 
man of the committee of the whole House of Congress, 
and introduced the resolution drafted by Richard 
Henry Lee declaring the independence of the Colonies, 
and on July 4 he reported the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. He was chosen Governor of Virginia in 
1781, and was twice reelected to that office. He was 
a member of the State Convention of 1788 to ratify 
the Federal Constitution, 

106. HARRISON, ROBERT HANSON Albert Rosenthal 

(After John Trumhull) 
Jurist. Born 1745; died 1790. Succeeded Joseph Reed 
as secretary to Washington with the rank of Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel. Chief Justice of the General Court 
of Maryland 1781, but declined the appointment of 
Justice of the United States Supreme Court 1789. 

107. HART, JOHN H. Deigendish 

(After J. S. Coplcii) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Jersey. Born 1708; died 1780. He took an active part 
in pre-Revolutionary agitation and was for many years 
a member of the Provincial Legislature of New Jersey 
and the first Speaker of the House. He was the pro- 
moter of laws for the improvement of roads, the found- 
ing of schools, and the administration of justice, and 
was known as "Honest John Hart." He served in 
Congress 1774-1776. In 1777-1778 he was chairman of 
the New Jersey Committee of Safety. During the 
British invasion of New Jersey his farm was ravaged, 
and he became a fighter until the Battle of Trenton 
when the British withdrew and he was able to return 
to his home. 

108. HARTLEY, THOMAS Albert Rosenthal 

Soldier. Born 1748; died 1800. He studied law, was 
admitted to the bar and practiced at York, Pennsyl- 

74 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



w 



No. 113 

THOMAS HEYWARD, Jr., SOUTH CAROLINA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

75 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

vania. Served in the Eevolutionary Army beinff com 
missioned a Lieutenant-Colonel in'^lTTe/ MemwTf 
the Pennsylvania Assemblv in 3 77S «r,ri o l\ i. I 
Congress 177Q isnn tt I^ ' ^^^ ^ Member of 

^ongress 17/9-1800. Hartley was a delegate to fhp 
State convention whi^i. .a^:^4.^.i .^ J^.^.t ^° ^^^ 



109. HAZELWOOD.JOHN Charles W. Peale 

A- -, ^ fi^ro?w life) 

x^aval officer. Born 1726- died isnn n., 4. • • x, 

fe He r .r "ntto^^^en :na?ero/lef 

on this e.peditio. he'wat'^^terb/X NeTtn^ 
Committee of Safety £300. ' 

110. HENRY, PATRICK 

a member of the Virginia House of Burlsser and 

serTes oT' "'W' ""' *'"'™ •>- -«' motedfor a 
series of resolutions defending the rights of the Col 

Tiif'rrrj ''^ ^'^'-p ^^^ unlLstitution : 

»;!, a delegate to the first Continental Congress 

and opened its sessions with a telling speech oarnh,' 
the reputation of being the foremost orrtor fn he 

to malce him Secretary of State 1795, and later Chitf 
t^ToiLt' ^"^"^ ^*^'-' •'"' ^« decided ttl 
76 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

111. HENRY, WILLIAM J- Augustus Beck 

XXX. xii.i^ , (After Benjamin West) 

Inventor. Born 1729; died 1786. In 1722 lie began 
the manufacture of guns, and was appointed armorer 
to the troops of the Braddock expedition. Member of 
the Pennsylvania Assembly 1776; treasurer of Lan- 
caster County 1777, and Member of Congress 1^84- 
1785. Appointed President Judge of the Common Pleas 
Court of Lancaster County 1784. 



112. HEWES, JOSEPH L. C. Tiffany 

Si-ner of the Declaration of Independence from North 
Ca'rolina. Born 1730; died 1779. After leavmg school 
at Kingston, New Jersey, he went to Philadelphia, 
where he engaged in mercantile pursuits removing to 
North Carolina in 1763, and settled at Edenton He 
was sent as a delegate to Congress from that State 
in 1774, and remained a member of that body until 
the end of 1776. Declined reelection in 1777, but re- 
sumed his seat again in 1779, and died in the second 
month of his term. 

113. HEYWAED, THOMAS, JR. ^^^^^^^ /• ^ra«t 

Sigrer of the Declaration of Independence from South 
Carolina. Born 1746; died 1809 He took up the 
Btudy of law, completing his studies in England and 
on his return to South Carolina, in 1775, was elected 
a delegate to Congress. He held for a time during 
the EcTolution a commission in the militia, and in 
1778 was appointed a Judge in the new Criminal and 
Ci cuit Court of South Carolina He was captured at 
the fall of Charleston, and upon his return, after being 
a Dii^oner of war, he resumed his seat on the bench, 
thTch h? detained until 1798, when he retired to 
private life. 

77 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 
114. HIESTER, JOSEPH 

Born November 18, 1752; died June 10, 1832 He 
tion ..." '""^ Continental Army during \he Revolu- 
tion and was later a member of the ^Pennsylvania 
t^on i?8^"'^Tr, ??Qn''^''^.?*^^'f ^^' ^^^^^^1 C^^^^titu- 
for pilf;.! -^^^ ^^ ^'^P'^ ^^™ ^ ^^^ Constitution 
fnL^^'^^''^''f ' ^^^ ^ member of the State Legisla- 
ture^ and served as Governor from December 19, 1820 
to December 16, 1823. ' ' 

115. HILLEGAS, MICHAEL A. M. Archambault 

Born 1728; died 1804. In 1774 he became Treasurer 
of the Committee of Safety, of which Benjamin Frank- 
lin was President, and in 1775 he was appointed by 
the Continental Congress the first Treasurer of the 

FrT.^^ i/.t^^'' J'*^ ^^°"^^ C^^^^^ as his assistant, 
and held this office until 1789. 

116. HOOPER, WILLIAM J. R. Lambdin 

(After John Trumbull) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from North 
Carolina. Born 1742; died 1790. Graduated at Har- 
vard 1760, and began at once the study of law with 
James Otis, of Boston. In 1767 Hooper removed to 
Wilmington, North Carolina, and in 1774-1775 was a 
delegate to Congress from that State. 

117. HOPKINS, STEPHEN J. R. Lambdin 

(After John Trumhull) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Rhode 
Island. Born 1707; died 1785. He served as a member 
of the General Assembly, Chief Justice of the Superior 
Court. In 1755 he was elected Governor of Rhode 
Island, which position he held until 1764. He repre- 
sented his State in the Continental Congress 1774-1776 
and 1778. He was for many years Chancellor of Brown 
University. 

78 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



'""^1^ 
^W^ 



No. 116 

WILLIAM HOOPER, NORTH CAROLINA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

79 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

118. HOPKINSON, FRANCIS Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Jersey. Born 1737; died 1791. Graduate of the Col- 
lege of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsyl- 
vania) and in 1761 was appointed Secretary of the 
Conference held at Easton between the Pennsylvania 
Government and the various Indian tribes. Sent to 
Congress as a delegate in 1776, representing the State 
of New Jersey. Appointed Judge of the Admiralty 
of Pennsylvania for ten years, and was later appointed 
a United States District Judge for the same State. 



119. HOUSTON, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Governor of Georgia. Born 1744; died 1796. He early 
distinguished himself in the Eevolutionary movement, 
was one of the four persons to call the first meeting 
of the ''Sons of Liberty" in Savannah, Georgia, 1774. 
He was a delegate to the Continental Congress 1775- 
1776, and was a member of the first Naval Committee. 
He was Governor of Georgia 1778-1784. 



120. HOWARD, JOHN EAGER Charles W. Peale 

American soldier and statesman. Born 1752; died 
1827. He fought in the Battle of White Plains, and in 
1777 distinguished himself at the battles of German- 
town and Monmouth. Was made Lieutenant-Colonel 
1780. After the war he was in Congress 1787-1788, 
and was Governor of Maryland 1789-1792. From 1796 
to 1803 he was a United States Senator from that 
State. 



121. HUGER, ISAAC Albert Rosenthal 

(After John Trumbull) 
Soldier. Born 1742; died 1797. He was educated in 
Europe, and at the outbreak of the Revolution was 
commissioned a Lieutenant-Colonel in a South Caro- 

80 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

lina regiment, and Brigadier-General in 1779, partici- 
pating in every battle of consequence fought by the 
Southern Army. 



122. HUNTINGTON, SAMUEL Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Con- 
necticut. Born 1731; died 1796. Prior to 1775 he held 
the office of King's Attorney and was elected to the 
Continental Congress in January, 1776. He became 
President of Congress in September, 1779, and remained 
in that office until July, 1781. He was returned to 
Congress from May to June, 1783, and the following 
year was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
of Connecticut. Elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1785, 
and succeeded Koger Griswold as Governor in 1786, 
holding that position until the time of his death. 



128. HUMPHREYS, DAVID Bass Otis 

American soldier and poet. Born 1752; died 1818. In 
the Eevolutionary War he was aide-de-camp to Gen- 
erals Washington and Putnam, and distinguished him- 
self at the siege of Yorktown. In 1784 he went to 
Paris and London as Secretary of Legation to Frank- 
lin, Adams and Jefferson, who negotiated treaties of 
commerce and amity with European powers. In 1790 
Washington appointed him Minister to Portugal, where 
he remained until 1797. In 1797 he was sent to the 
Court at Madrid, where he stayed until 1802. In the 
War of 1812 he commanded the Connecticut troops. 
He was noted as a poet and a wit. 



124. HUTCHINSON, JAMES Albert Rosenthal 

(After G. P. A. Healy) 

Physician. Born 1752; died 1793. He received his 
medical education in London, and at the outset of 
the Revolution espoused the American cause. He 
joined the army and served throughout the war as 
physician and surgeon. He was professor of materia 

81 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

medica and chemistry in the University of Pennsyl- 
vania. He died in Philadelphia during the yellow 
fever epidemic in 1793. 



125. INGERSOLL, JARED George C. Lambdin 

(After Eembrandt Peale) 
American jurist. Born 1749; died 1822. Graduated at 
Yale in 1766, and became a prominent Philadelpliia 
lawyer. He was a delegate from Pennsylvania 
to the Continental Congress in 1780-1781. He was a 
member from Pennsylvania of the convention that 
framed the Federal Constitution. For many years 
Ingersoll was Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, and 
later Judge of the United States District Court. In 
1812 he was a candidate for Vice-President of the 
United States, but was defeated. 



126. IRVINE, JAMES Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

Eevolutionary soldier. Born 1735; died 1819. Was 
appointed a Colonel in the Pennsylvania militia 1776, 
and in 1782 was promoted to the rank of Major-Gen- 
eral in the Pennsylvania line. Irvine was one of the 
original trustees of Dickinson College, and a firm 
friend of popular education. 



127. JACKSON, ANDREW D. Etter 

Seventh President of the United States. Born 1767; 
died 1845. He was a Member of Congress 1796-1797, 
United States Senator 1797-1798, and Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Tennessee for six years. In 1814 
Major-General in the Army in command of the De- 
partment of the South. He defeated the English 
under Sir Edward Pakenham at New Orleans, January 
8, 1815. Was appointed Governor of Florida Territory 
in 1821, ran unsuccessfully as a candidate for Presi- 
dent of the United States in 1824, was elected Presi- 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 117 

STEPHEN HOPKINS, RHODE ISLAND 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

83 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

dent in 1828, and reelected in 1832. One of his prin- 
cipal acts while in office was to veto the bill rechar- 
tenng the United States Bank. 

128. JACKSON, WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After John TrumhuU) 
American soldier. Born 1759; died 1828. Appointed 
a Lieutenant in the first South Carolina regiment in 
1775, and served as aide to General Benjamin 
Lincoln. In 1781 he acted as secretary to Colonel 
John Laurens, who was special envoy to France. He 
was later aide-de-camp to General Washington serving 
with the rank of Major. In 1782-1783 he was Assist- 
ant Secretary of AVar. Jackson was secretary of the 
convention that framed the Federal Constitution. Dur- 
ing President Washington's first administration he 
served him as personal aide and secretary. 

129. JAY, JOHN 

Statesman. Born 1745; died 1829. He studied law 
and m 1766 was admitted to the bar. He was a 
member of the Continental Congress 1775, in which 
he was very active. In 1777 was appointed Chief Jus- 
tic^e of New York. Was again sent to Congress in 
1778, and three days after taking his seat was elected 
President of that body. He was in that year appointed 
Minister to Spain, and while in that capacity served 
as one of the members of the Peace Commission. He 
returned to the United States in 1784, having been 
elected by Congress Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 
then the most important post in the country He 
was appointed by Washington the first Chief Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 
1794 he was appointed a special Envoy to Great Brit- 
am by Washington, and on his return to America he 
was elected Governor of New York and was reelec- 
ted in 1798. He was again appointed Chief Justice 
by John Adams when he was elected President, but 
declined the office. 

84 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 
SO. JEFFERSON, THOMAS Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Vir- 
ginia. Patriot, statesman and President of the Umted 
States. Born 1743; died 1826. He entered the William 
and Mary College and later read law under George 
Wythe, and was admitted to the bar. In 1769 he was 
elected a member of the House of Burgesses of Vir- 
ginia He took his seat in Congress m 1775, and was 
placed on the committee to draw up the Declaration 
of Independence. Jefferson retired from Congress m 
September, 1776, and became a member of the Legis- 
lature of Virginia, and in 1779 Governor of the State. 
He was appointed one of the Commissioners of Peace, 
but did not serve, and was again appointed to tne 
same post, which he accepted in 1-82. . In 1783 
member of Congress. He was appointed a minister to 
negotiate treaties with foreign nations in 1784. Served 
as Secretary of State under Washington. Elected 
President of the United States 1800, and continued m 
that office for eight years. 

131 JEFFERSON, THOMAS Albert Rosenthal 
161. jjuxxx.x*,»3 , ^^^^^^ Gilbert Stuart) 

See No. 130. 

132 JEFFERSON, THOMAS Albert Rosenthal 
^'*^* (After Charles Saint Memm) 

See No. 130. 

133 JENIFER, DANIEL, of St. Thomas Albert Rosenthal 
166. ji:.JNxxx.rt, (After John Trumhull) 

Statesman Born 1723; died 1790. He took an active 
pS Tthe movements preceding the Revolution, was 
a delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress 
1778 1782, and was also a member from Maryland of 
the convention which framed the Federal Constitution, 
and signed that instrument. 
85 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

134. JOHNSON, THOMAS Frank B. Mayer 

(After Charles W. Peale) 
Statesman. Born 1732; died 1819. He studied law 
and was admitted to the bar in 1763. Member of Con- 
gress 1775. In 1776 he was elected Senior Brigadier- 
General of the Maryland militia. Again a Member 
of Congress 1776. In 1777 Johnson was elected the 
first Governor of Maryland, and was reelected for 
1778-1779. A Member of Congress again 1781 to 1787. 
Appointed Chief Justice of the General Court of Mary- 
land 1790, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
of the United States 1791. 



135. JOHNSON, WILLIAM SAMUEL Albert Rosenthal 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 
Jurist. Born 1727; died 1819. Graduated at Yale 
1744, studied law and was admitted to the bar. 
In 1766 he was chosen a member of the Governor's 
Council of Connecticut. During the Revolution he 
lived in retirement. Member of Congress 1784-1787, 
being a delegate, from Connecticut, to the convention 
which framed the Federal Constitution. In 1789 he 
was elected a United States Senator, but in 1791 he 
resigned from the Senate, devoting his entire time to 
Columbia College, of which he was elected President. 



136. JONES, JOHN PAUL Charles W. Peale 

(Fro7n life) 
Naval officer. Born 1747; died 1792. At the age of 
twelve he went to sea. Before he was twenty he 
served as mate on a vessel engaged in the African 
slave trade. When Congress ordered a navy for the 
defense of American liberty Jones was made Senior 
First Lieutenant. He served with great distinction 
during the war. His most famous fight was that of 
the Bon Homme Richard with the Serapis. For his 
action in this battle he was made a Rear Admiral, 
the grade being created for him. 

86 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 118 
FRANCIS HOPKINSON, NEW JERSEY 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

87 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

137. JONES, NOBLE WIMBERLY C. Blanching 

Physician and patriot of the Revolution. Born 1724; 
died 1805. He was a member of the Georgia Assembly 
1761, and in 1774 was one of the first to stir up the 
Revolutionary spirit in Georgia. In 1775 he was 
chosen a delegate to Congress, and again in 1781. In 
that year he commenced the practice of medicine in 
Philadelphia. In 1795 he was elected president of the 
convention which amended the State Constitution of 
Georgia, in which State he again took up his residence. 



138. KALB, JOHANN de Charles W. Peale 

General. Born 1721; died 1780. In 1743 he became 
a Lieutenant in the French Army and rose to the rank 
of Brigadier-General. In 1768 de Kalb visited the 
American Colonies on behalf of the French Govern- 
ment. In 1777, in company with Lafayette, he again 
came to America and was promptly appointed by Con- 
gress a Major-General. He was with the Army at 
Valley Forge, and served in the New Jersey and Mary- 
land campaigns. At the Battle of Camden General 
de Kalb commanded the American right, which was 
surrounded. Dismounted and bareheaded he had a 
number of hand-to-hand encounters, and fell pierced 
by eleven wounds from which he died three days later. 



139. KEITH, SIR WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After John Watson) 

Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania 1717-1726. Born 
1680; died 1749. He was appointed Surveyor-General 
of the customs in the Southern District of North 
America by Queen Anne, later acting as Governor of 
the Provinces of Pennsylvania under Penn. He was 
a desperate intriguer, courting always the favor of the 
people, and not sparing of delusive promises to indi- 
viduals. 

88 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 122 

SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, CONNECTICUT 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

89 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

140. KEY, FRANCIS SCOTT 

Patriot. Born 1780; died 1843. He studied law and 
became District Attorney at Washington, D. C. "When 
the British invaded that city in 1814 they seized Dr. 
William Beanes, a planter, as prisoner of war, and 
Key, aided by President Madison, resolved to have 
him released. He went with an agent for the exchange 
of prisoners to the British General, who finally con- 
sented to Doctor Beanes' release, but detained the 
party during the attack on Baltimore. Prom their 
ship they could see the flag on Fort McHenry nearly 
all night by the light of the battle, but before morn- 
ing the firing ceased, and they watched most anxiously 
to see which colors floated over the ramparts. Key's 
feelings when he saw that the Stars and Stripes had 
not been torn down found expression in the now- 
famous ''The Star-Spangled Banner," which he wrote, 
and which has gained for him a lasting reputation. 



141. KING, RUFUS Charles W. Peale 

Statesman. Born 1755; died 1827. He was a dele- 
gate to Congress in 1784, a member of the Constitu- 
tional Convention, from Massachusetts, 1787, and of 
the Massachusetts Eatifying Committee 1787-1788 
United States Senator from New York 1789-1796, and 
United States Minister to Great Britain 1796-1803. 
He was Federalist candidate for the Vice-Presidency 
in 1804 and 1808. Again elected United States Senator 
1813-1825, and appointed United States Minister to 
Great Britain 1825-1826. 



142. KNOX, HENRY Charles W. Peale 

American General and patriot. Born 1750; died 1806. 
When eighteen years of age he evinced a love of mili- 
tary affairs by joining an independent company of 
English Grenadiers, of which he was chosen com- 
mander. At the age of twenty he engaged in com- 
mercial life. He espoused the cause of the oppressed 

90 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

Colonies by joining the army then investing Boston. 
He early distinguished himself and was commissioned 
Major-General by Congress. In 1785 he was appointed 
Secretary of War. 



143. KOSCIUSZKO, TADEUSZ T. Eyas 

Polish patriot and soldier. Born 1746; died 1817. Edu- 
cated in France, and in 1775 sailed for America. On 
his arrival Kosciuszko offered his services to Congress, 
which were accepted. He was commissioned a Colonel 
in 1776, and in 1783 was brevetted a Brigadier-Gen- 
eral and received the thanks of Congress. After the 
war he returned to Poland, where he became engaged 
in the wars of his native land. 



144. KUHN, ADAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After a 'bas-relief) 
American physician and botanist. Born 1741; died 
1817. In 1762 he preceded to Europe, where he studied 
medicine at the University of Upsal, and botany under 
Linnaeus. After visiting various countries on the Con- 
tinent he returned to America in 1768, where he as- 
sociated himself with the University of Pennsylvania 
medical school and hospital. In 1789 he was appointed 
professor of medicine there, resigning the chair in 1797. 

145. LAFAYETTE, GILBERT du MOTIER Thomas Sully 

(From life) 

Marquis de Lafayette. Born in France 1757; died 
1834. From the first he espoused the cause of the Col- 
onists. He arrived in this country in 1777. Congress 
immediately offered him a command in the army, but 
he chose to enter the service as a volunteer without 
pay. He was, however, appointed a Major-General. In 
1779 he went to France, in order to get aid for our 
country, and soon returned with the assurance that a 
French force would follow him, which it did. He 
remained in this country until after the surrender of 
Cornwallis at Yorktown, when he returned to France. 

91 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

Invited to visit America, he landed in 1784, and after 
spending a few days with Washington visited all the 
great cities of the country. In 1789 he commanded 
the National Guard of Paris. In 1824 he again visited 
the United States and was enthusiastically received. 
Congress made him a grant of $200,000 and a township 
of 24,000 acres. 

146. LAFAYETTE, MARQUIS DE 

See No. 145. 

147. LAFAYETTE, MARQUIS DE Charles W. Peale 

(From life) 
See No. 145. 

148. LANSING, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
American jurist. Born 1754; died 1829. He was 
elected a delegate from New York to Congress 1784. 
Member, from New York, of the convention which rati- 
fied the Federal Constitution. In 1790 he was appointed 
a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New 
York. In 1798 Chief Justice Lansing ranked as one 
of the ablest jurists of his time. 

149. LANGDON, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(After Savage) 
Statesman. Born 1739; died 1819. He was educated 
for mercantile pursuits. Langdon was one of the 
party which removed the powder and military stores 
from Fort William and Mary at New Castle, New 
Hampshire, in 1774. He was chosen delegate to the 
Continental Congress from New Hampshire 1775-1776. 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. He was 
Navy Agent in New Hampshire and contracted for the 
building of several ships of war. He was a member 
of the Convention which framed the Constitution and 
a signer of the same. He was elected Governor of 
New Hampshire 1788, was United States Senator 1789- 
1801. 

92 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 130 

THOMAS JEFEERSON, VIRGINIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

93 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

150. LAURENS, HENRY Charles W. Peale 

President of Congress. Born 1724; died 1792. He took 
an early active part in opposing the British, being 
elected a Member of Congress, of which he became 
President after the resignation of John Hancock. In 
1779 he was deputed to negotiate a treaty with the 
Netherlands. On his passage over he was captured by 
a British vessel, throwing his papers overboard, which 
were, however, recovered by a British seaman. He 
was sent to London and thrown into the Tower, where 
he was treated with great severity. Laurens was 
finally released and went to France, where he joined 
Benjamin Franklin and John Jay as one of the Com- 
missioners appointed by Congress to sign the prelim- 
inaries of peace in 1782. 



151. LAURENS, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(After a mi7iiature) 

American soldier. Born 1756; died 1782. He was a 
son of Henry Laurens, served in the war as secretary 
to Washington, and was very distinguished for his 
gallantry during the Eevolution. After the Battle of 
Monmouth he shot General Charles Lee in a duel, for 
using disrespectful language to his commander. He 
was killed in action at Combahee, South Carolina, 
August 27, 1782. 



152. LAUZUN, ARMAND LOUIS DE GONTAUT 

Albert Rosenthal 

(After Rouget) 

Armand Louis de Gontaut, Due de Lauzun, a French 
soldier. Born 1747; died 1793. He captured Senegal 
from the English in 1779, and fought under Washing- 
ton and Lafayette in the American Revolution. He 
returned to France, continuing in the military service, 
and during the Revolution was accused of oppression 
and falsehood by two fellow-Generals. He was tried 
by the Committee of Public Safety and was guillo- 
tined December 31, 1793. 

94 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 






:f 



No. 158 



EICHAED HENRY LEE, VIRGINIA 
Signer of the Declaration of Independenc 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 
153. LAW, RICHARD 

American jurist. Born 1733; died 1806. He was 
educated at Yale and was admitted to the bar in 1754. 
He practiced in New London, Connecticut, where he 
became Chief Justice of that State. Member of the 
Council 1776-1778, and 1781-1784 a Member of the Con- 
tinental Congress. Mayor of New London for twenty- 
two years. He revised the Connecticut code of State 
laws. 



154. LEAR, TOBIAS Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

Diplomatist. Born 1762; died 1816. Graduated at 
Harvard 1783, was Consul-General at Santo Domingo 
1802, and later Consul-General at Tripoli. In 1805 
Lear was commissioned to negotiate peace with that 
country, which he effected. He was for many years 
secretary to Washington. At the time of his death he 
was accountant of the War Department. 



155. LEE, ARTHUR Charles W. Peale 

American statesman and diplomatist. Born 1740; died 
1792. He was educated in England and later studied 
medicine at Edinburgh. He returned to America after 
he was graduated, and began to practice as a physician 
at Williamsburgh, Virginia. He later returned to Lon- 
don and studied law, being admitted to the bar in 
1770. In the same year he was appointed agent for the 
Massachusetts Bay Colony. While in London, in com- 
pany with Benjamin Eranklin, he presented to the 
British Ministry the addresses of the American Con- 
gress to the people and the King. In 1776 he was 
American Commissioner in Paris and helped to secure 
the ' ' Treaty of Alliance ' ' with France. After serving 
in Congress in 1782 he was in 1784 made one of the 
commissioners to negotiate treaties with the Indians 
of the Northwest, and 1784-1789 was a member of the 
Board of Treasury. 

96 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 159 

FRANCIS LEWIS, NEW YOEK 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

97 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

156. LEE, CHARLES 

American General. Born in England 1731; died 1782. 
Appointed a Major-General in the Continental Army 
1775. Captured by the British in 1776, not being 
exchanged until 1778. During this confinement he be- 
came a traitor to the American cause. This fact was not 
discovered until many years later. He disobeyed the 
orders of General Washington at the Battle of Mon- 
mouth in 1778 and was sentenced by a Court Martial 
to one year's suspension from the service. A short 
time later he was dismissed from the service by Con- 
gress. 



157. LEE, HENRY Charles W. Peale 

American General. Born 1756; died 1818. In 1776 he 
became a Captain of cavalry, and in 1778 he was placed 
in command of an independent corps, with the rank 
of Major. In 1779 he received a gold medal from 
Congress for capturing Paulus Hook. He assisted Gen- 
eral Green in the capture of Augusta, Georgia, and 
took part in the Battle of Eutaw Springs. After being 
a Member of Congress he was, in 1792, chosen Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, and in 1794 he commanded the 
force sent out by Washington to suppress the whisky 
insurrection in Western Pennsylvania. When Wash- 
ington died, Lee, then a Member of Congress, pro- 
nounced his eulogy and drafted the resolutions for the 
occasion, in which he designated Washington as ' ' First 
in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his country- 
men." Henry Lee was the father of the Confederate 
General, Robert E. Lee. 



158. LEE, RICHARD HENRY Charles W. Peale 

Signer of, the Declaration of Independence from Vir- 
ginia, Born 1732; died 1794. Acquiring a good edu- 
cation in England he returned to Virginia when 
twenty-five years of age. He became one of the dele- 
gates from Virginia to the first Congress, in 1774, and 
on June 7, 1776, introduced his famous resolution for 

98 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

Independence. He was a member of a large number 
of commissions while in Congress, usually acting as 
chairman. In 1784 he was elected President of Con- 
gress. He was one of the first Senators from Virginia 
under the new Federal Constitution. He retired from 
public life in 1792. 



159. LEWIS, FRANCIS Albert Rosenthal 

(After an engraving) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
York. Born in Wales 1713; died 1803. He came to 
New York when twenty-two years of age and was 
engaged in commercial pursuits when the Eevolution 
broke out. In 1775 he was elected to the Continental 
Congress and took his seat in that body in May as a 
delegate from New York. He remained a Member of 
Congress almost continuously until 1779. 

160. LEWIS, MERIWETHER Charles W. Peale 

Explorer. Born 1774; died 1809. In 1794 he was a 
volunteer in the troops called out to suppress the 
whisky insurrection, and entered the regular army 
in 1795. He became Captain in 1800, and in 1801-1803 
was private secretary to .President Jefferson, who 
recommended him to Congress to command an explor- 
ing expedition across the continent to the Pacific. 
Lewis set out in the summer of 1803, with his as- 
sociate, Captain William Clark. This tour of explora- 
tion is known as the Lewis and Clark Expedition, On 
their return Congress made grants of land to Lewis 
and Clark and their men, and Lewis was appointed 
Governor of Missouri Territorv. 



161. LINCOLN, BENJAMIN Charles W. Peale 

American General. Born 1733; died 1810. At the out- 
break of the Eevolution he was active in organizing 
the Massachusetts troops. In 1776 he was appointed 
a Major-General of the State militia, and commanded 
the expedition which cleared Boston Harbor of British 

99 



CATALOGUE OP PICTUKES 

vessels. Having reinforced Washington, after the de- 
feat at Long Island, he was appointed a Major-Gen- 
eral in the Continental Army. Lincoln served with 
fechuyler against Burgoyne, and in 1778 he was placed 
m command of the Army of the South. In 1780 he 
was besieged at Charleston and had to capitulate. In 
l'/81 he joined Washington on the Hudson, was with 
Inm at the siege of Yorktown, and was deputized by 
Washington to receive the sword of Cornwallis. From 
1^81 to 1784 Lincoln was Secretary of War. In 1787 
he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts 
and in 1789 was appointed Collector of the port of 
Boston. ^ 

162. LIVINGSTON, PHILIP Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
York. Born 1716; died 1778. Graduated at Yale 1737 
and then engaged in commerce in New York City' 
Member of the Provincial Assembly until 1769 He 
was appointed a delegate to the Continental Congress 
in 1/74 and continued a member until his death. 

163. LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R. Robert M. Pratt 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 
Chancellor of New York. Born 1746; died 1813. Grad- 
uated at Kings College 1765. After having read law 
he was appointed by Governor Tryon recorder of New 
York, an office which he resigned at the beginning of 
the Revolution. In 1775 was a Member of Congress 
He was placed on the committee with Franklin, Adams 
Jefferson and Sherman to draw up the Declaration of 
Independence, but was prevented from signing that 
document by his hasty return to the meeting of the 
Provincial Convention in New York. In 1781 he was 
appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and on his 
resignation, in 1783, he received the thanks of Con- 
gress. When Washington was first inaugurated as 
President, Livingston, who was then Chancellor ad- 
ministered the oath of office. In 1801 he was appointed 
Minister to Prance, and with Mr. Monroe made the 
100 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 162 

PHILIP LIVINGSTON, NEW YOEK 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

101 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUKES 

important purchase of Louisiana. In Paris he formed 
an intimacy with Robert Fulton, whom he assisted by 
counsel and money. He returned to America in 1805. 

164. LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 
Governor of New Jersey. Born 1723; died 1790. After 
filling some important offices in New York he removed 
to New Jersey and was elected a delegate to the Con- 
tinental Congress 1774-1776. Livingston was the first 
Governor of New Jersey under the new State Consti- 
tution; and in 1787 a delegate, from New Jersey, to 
the Constitutional Convention, and a signer of that 
instrument. 

165. LOGAN, JAMES 

American Colonial Statesman. Born 1674; died 1751. 
He accompanied William Penn to America as his sec- 
retary. Logan was appointed Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and was for two years 
acting Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania. He 
bequeathed more than two thousand volumes of books 
to the city of Philadelphia, under the title of the 
''Loganian Library,'' which is still in existence. 

166. LONG, STEPHEN HARRIMAN Charles W. Peale 

American engineer. Born 1784; died 1864. In 1816 
he was in the engineering corps of the United States 
Army and set out on a tour of exploration of the 
Western frontier of Texas to the sources of the Mis- 
sissippi Eiver. The highest summit in the Rocky 
Mountains is called Long's Peak in his honor. He pub- 
lished, in 1824, his ''Expedition to the Source of St. 
Peter's River." 

167. LOUIS XVL Albert Rosenthal 

(After Collet) 
King of France. Born 1754; died 1793. He married, 
in 1770, Marie Antoinette. Louis ascended the throne 

102 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 169 

THOMAS LYNCH, Jr., SOUTH CAROLINA 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

103 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUKES 

of France in 1774. He recognized the independence 
of the United States of America in 1778, and sent an 
army and a fleet to this country, which materially 
helped in securing the peace in 1783. France was 
thrown into a revolution and declared a Eepublic in 
1792. Louis was guillotined in Paris January 21, 1793. 

168. LUZERNE, ANNE CESAR de la Charles W. Peale 

French diplomatist. Born 1741; died 1791. In 1779 he 
was sent as Minister to the United States, where he 
had much influence and performed with great credit 
the duties of a position which the absence of instruc- 
tions made more responsible. He left the United States, 
in 1783, and was Ambassador from France to London 
from 1788 until his death. 

169. LYNCH, THOMAS, JR. Anna Lea Merritt 

(A copy) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from South 
Carolina. Born 1749; died 1779. He studied law in 
England and returned to South Carolina in 1772. Dele- 
gate to Congress 1776. In 1779 Lynch sailed for St. 
Eustatius and was never heard of again. It is pre- 
sumed that his ship was wrecked. 

170. MacMEYER, ANDREW 

Captain of the First Eegiment of New Jersey Infantry, 
killed at the Battle of Germantown Saturday, October 
4, 1777, while leading his men in the assault on the 
Chew house. 

171. McCLURG, JAMES Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Physician. Born 1747; died 1825. Graduated at Wil- 
liam and Mary College 1762. Took his degree in medi- 
cine at Edinburgh in 1770, returning to America in 
1773. He sat for many years in the Virginia Council, 
and was a member of the Convention, from Virginia, 
which framed the Constitution of the United States. 

104 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

172. McHENRY, JAMES Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles Saint Memiv) 

Statesman. Born 1753; died 1816. A doctor by pro- 
fession, but did not practice. He served in tbe Con- 
tinental Army as aide-de-camp to General Washington 
and also to General Lafayette. Was a delegate to the 
Continental Congress from Maryland 1783-1786. A 
member of the Convention, from Maryland, whicli 
framed the Federal Constitution, and a signer of that 
instrument. McHenry was Secretary of War 1796-1801, 
having been appointed by Washington, and continued 
in office by Adams. 

173. Mcintosh, LACHLAN Charles W. Peale 

Soldier. Born in Scotland 1725; died 1806. He served 
as a clerk in a counting-house and later became a land 
surveyor. He was appointed a Brigadier-General in 
the Continental Army 1776. In a duel in 1777 with 
Button Gwinett, a Signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, he mortally wounded him. Member of Con- 
gress in 1784, and the next year was appointed an 
Indian Commissioner. 

174. McKEAN, THOMAS Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Dela- 
ware, patriot and Governor of Pennsylvania. Born 
1734; died 1817. After studying law he was elected 
a member of the General Assembly of Delaware 1762, 
and later to the Congress of 1774, having his residence 
at that time in Philadelphia. He remained m Congress 
from 1774 to 1783, being Chief Justice of Pennsylvania 
at the same time. He was present in Congress July 4, 
1776, and voted for the Declaration of Independence, 
and was a signer of that document, yet in the printed 
journal his name was omitted through a mistake of 
the printer. As a member of the Constitutional Con- 
vention from Pennsylvania he urged the adoption of 
the Constitution. In 1799 he succeeded Thomas Mifflin 
as Governor of Pennsylvania and remained in office 
until 1808. 

105 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

175. McKEAN, THOMAS Albert Rosenthal 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 
See No. 174. 



176. MADISON, JAMES Drinker 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 

Fourth President of the United States. Born 1751; 
died 1836. Graduated at Princeton 1772. Delegate 
to Congress 1780-1783, a member of the Constitutional 
Convention from Virginia 1787. Appointed Secretary 
of State 1801, and elected President of the United 
States 1808. He was reelected in 1812. 



177. MARSHALL, JOHN George H. Knapp 

(After Henry Inman) 

Chief Justice of the United States. Born 1755; died 
1835. He had some classical education but never went 
to college. As a soldier in the Continental Army he 
reached the rank of Captain, participating in many 
battles. After he was admitted to the bar he soon rose 
to distinction as a lawyer, and was sent by President 
Adams as Minister to France. In 1800 he was ap- 
pointed Secretary of War, then Secretary of State, 
and later Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
United States. As Chief .Justice he is considered the 
most illustrious Judge our country has ever produced. 
At the time of his death, which occurred in Philadel- 
phia, the Liberty Bell was used for tolling a dirge 
while his body was being taken out of the city for 
interment. It was at this time (1835) that the bell 
was cracked. 

178. MARTIN, ALEXANDER Albert Rosenthal 

(After James Sharpless) 
Senator. Born 1740; died 1807. Graduated at Prince- 
ton 1756, studied law and was admitted to the bar, 
settling in North Carolina. In 1772 he was chosen a 
member of the Colonial Assembly. In 1776 was ap- 
pointed Colonel of the Second North Carolina Regi- 
ment. He was a member of the State Senate 1779-1782 

106 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 174 

THOMAS McKEAN, DELAWARE 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

107 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

and 1785-1788. He was acting Governor of North 
Carolina in 1781, and the following year was chosen 
Governor, and was reelected in 1789. Martin served 
as a member from North Carolina of the convention 
which framed the Federal Constitution, and was elected 
a United States Senator in 1793. 

179. MARTIN, LUTHER 

Lawyer. Born 1748; died 1826. He was graduated at 
Princeton in 1766. In 1771 he was admitted to the bar 
and settled in Maryland. In 1778 he was appointed 
Attorney-General of Maryland, and served as a dele- 
gate from that State to the convention which framed 
the Federal Constitution. From 1814 to 1816 he was 
Chief Judge of the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 
Baltimore. In his old age he removed to New York, 
where he lived in the same house with Aaron Burr. 



180. MASON, GEORaE Herbert Welsh 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 
Statesman. Born 1725; died 1792. In 1769 he drew 
up the non-importation resolutions which were presented 
in the Virginia Assembly and adopted. One of these 
resolutions pledged the Virginia planters to purchase 
no slaves to be brought into the country. He was 
elected to Congress in 1777, but declined to serve. 
Mason was a member of the convention from Virginia 
which framed the Federal Constitution. He refused to 
sign the Constitution, however. He was elected first 
United States Senator from Virginia, but declined that 
office. 

181. MARY n 

Queen of Great Britain, eldest daughter of James IT, 
by Anne Hyde, his first wife. Born 1662; died 1694. 
In 1677 she married her cousin, the Prince of Orange — 
afterward William III — with whom she reigned jointly 
as sovereign of Great Britain, being proclaimed Feb- 
ruary 13, 1689. She died of smallpox December 28, 
1694. 

108 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

182. MATLACK, TIMOTHY Charles W. Peale 

Born 1730; died 1829. He was one of the ''Fighting 
Quakers. " He was an active local spirit during the 
Eevolution, a member of the Council and Committee 
of Safety. He was appointed Colonel of a Pennsyl- 
vania battalion of militia when the war broke out. 
Served as a Member of Congress in 1780. He was for 
many years master of the rolls, and Prothonotary of 
one of the Philadelphia courts. 

183. MERCER, JOHN FRANCIS Albert Rosenthal 

(After Bohert Field) 

Statesman. Born 1759; died 1821. He was graduated 
at William and Mary College in 1775, entered the army 
as a Lieutenant, and became a Captain in 1777, remain- 
ing in the army until the surrender of Yorktown. After 
the war he studied law, and was elected a delegate 
to Congress 1782-1785. He was also a delegate to the 
convention which framed the Federal Constitution. He 
was in Congress again 1792-1794. Governor of Mary- 
land 1801-1803. 

184. MIDDLETON, ARTHUR Philip Wharton 

(After Benjamin West) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from South 
Carolina. Born 1742; died 1787. He studied at Cam- 
bridge University, England, and on obtaining his 
degree returned to America and became at once a 
prominent leader of the Eevolutionary party in the 
South. He was a member of the first Council of Safety 
of South Carolina, and a delegate to Congress in 1776. 
In 1780 he served in the defense of Charleston. In 
1780 up to the close of the war he was a Member of 
Congress. He also served as a member of the State 
Senate. He wrote many very able political essays 
under the name of ''Andrew Mervell." 

185. MIFFLIN, THOMAS Charles W. Peale 

American soldier. Born 1744; died 1800. He was 
graduated at the College of Philadelphia, after which 

109 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

he traveled in Europe. In the Pennsylvania Legisla- 
ture in 1772-1773, and in 1774 was a delegate to Con- 
gress. When the news of the fight at Lexington became 
known he was made Major of one of the first regi- 
ments organized. Mifflin was later chosen by Wash- 
ington as his first aide-de-camp. In 1775 he was made 
Quartermaster-General, in 1776 Brigadier-General, and 
in 1777 Major-General. He was later connected with 
the Conway cabal, which was an attempt to have 
Washington dismissed from the supreme command of 
the army. In 1783 he became a Member of Congress, 
and in 1787 was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the 
convention which framed the Constitution, In 1790 
he was Governor of Pennsylvania and reelected twice. 

186. MILES, SAMUEL Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Soldier. Born 1740; died 1805. He served in the 
Colonial militia during the last French and Indian War. 
In 1761 settled in Philadelphia as a merchant. When 
the Eevolution broke out he was one of the first to 
espouse the patriot cause. In 1776 Miles was appointed 
Colonel in the Pennsylvania militia, and in December 
of that year was promoted to Brigadier-General. He 
was appointed a Judge of the Court of Errors in 1787, 
and in 1790 was elected Mayor of Philadelphia. 

187. MILLER, HENRY Albert Rosenthal 

(After Petticolas) 

American soldier. Born 1751; died 1824. He joined 
the army at the outbreak of the Eevolution and served 
with distinction throughout the war, reaching the rank 
of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Pennsylvania line. After 
peace was proclaimed he served as Prothonotary of 
Perry County, Pennsylvania, for a number of years. 

188. MONTGOMERY, RICHARD Charles W. Peale 

American General. Born 1736; died 1775. He served 
in the siege of Louisburg in 1758, and in 1762 he was 
appointed a Captain in the British service. In 1772 

110 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 184 

ARTHUR MIDDLETON, SOUTH CAROLINA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

111 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

l^^yq^'ifff?'^ commission in the British Army, and in 
1773 settled in New York City. Montgomery was ap- 
pointed by Congress a Brigadier-Gene?al in the Con- 
tinental Army in 1775, and was sent with a force 
against Canada. During the assault on Quebec General 
Montgomery was killed. His bravery was most con- 
spicuous, and even in England he was praised. 

189. MONROE, JAMES Thomas Sully 

fion^ P^^esident of the United States. Born 1758; died 
iSdl. He was educated at William and Mary College 
and entered the Army as a Lieutenant in 1776. Was 
wounded at the Battle of Trenton. During 1777-1778 he 

^f o!?,^'*^ *^^ "'^'^^ °^ ^^ajo^ on the staff of the Earl 
of Stirling, and took part in the battles of the Brandy- 
wme, Germantown and Monmouth. Retired from the 
service in 1778 with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, 
and studied law with Thomas Jefferson. He was 
elected a member of the Assembly of Virginia in 
tl.o A ^f^S^^f *« Congress in 1783. He opposed 
the Constitution of the United States, which in his 
opinion gave too much power to the Federal Govern- 

^1700 Z""' ^^^ '^''*^^ ^ ^""'^^^ States Senator 
in 1790, and was sent to France as Minister in 1794 

mQ^l/oT"?? ^° ^^^^•. ^^^ ^^^^^^«^ «^ Virginia 
Pnll f I" T?^- "^f ^^^'"^ '^^* *« ^^'^n«e^ and with 
Robert R. Livingston, negotiated for the purchase of 
Louisiana. He was appointed Secretary of State under 
President Madison m 1811, and in 1814-1815 was Sec- 

PrS f ^Yi: S^-T'f c*^^ Democratic candidate for 
President of the United States in 1816, and was elected 
by a big majority. Was reelected President in 1821 
with only one electoral vote against him. During his 
second term he asserted the important principle of 
DJctHne^'''' ^^ '^^'''^ ^^''"'^ *^® celebrated ''Monroe 

190. MOORE, WILLIAM Charles W. Peale 

Statesman. Born 1735; died 1793. In 1776 he was 
appointed a member of the Council of Safety, and in 
112 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

1777 a member of the Board of War. Moore was 
elected a delegate to Congress the ^ame year but de^ 
clined the seat. He was appointed U^""^"' "l 
the Supreme Executive Council in l"^:^"*^/!*" ^ 
time Cantain-General and Commander-m-Chiet in ana 
ove? the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He was 
commissLnea a Judge, in 1783, of the High Court of 
Errors and Appeals. 

191. MOEGAN. DANIEL Charles W. Peale 

Soldier Born 1736; died 1802. He began his military 
career in 1755 as a'teamster in the Army "nder BracV 
dock. From 1762 to 1775 he prospered as a farme. 
fn Virginia, and grew wealthy. He was niade a Car 

g:lgrdii-G=r:nd ttX^m^and ^^^^ 
Grelne. Morgan gained at Cowpens one of the mort 
brilliant victories during the war. He later o'^'^ t""" 
Major-General, and was elected to Congress in 1/96. 

, -rnrrKT Albert Eosenthal 

192. MORGAN, JOHN . (^f^r Angelica Kaugman) 

American physician. Born 1725; died 1789. After he 
had completed his studies under he ''f.^. »* ^r John 

American Army. 

193. MOERIS, GOUVERNEUB , .f.f,' ,^ZflX> 

Statesman. Born 1752; died 1816. He was graduated 
at King's College (now Columbia) in 1768, and tnen 
113 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

studied law. He was a delegate to the first Congress 
in 1775. He was an active spirit in many ways dur- 
ing the Kevolution. Was elected a delegate from 
Pennsylvania to the convention which framed the 
Federal Constitution, the draft of that instrument 
being placed in his hands for final revision. In 1788 he 
went abroad, not returning to America until the close 
of 1798, and in the following spring was elected to 
the United States Senate. 



194. MORRIS, ROBERT Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Penn- 
sylvania, and ''Financier of the American Revolu- 
tion." Born 1734; died 1806. He came from England 
to Philadelphia when he was fourteen years of age, 
and having received a commercial education, entered 
into partnership (1754) with Charles Willing. In 
1775, while presiding at a meeting of the anniversary 
of St. George, news of the massacre at Lexington was 
received, and from that moment his resolution as to 
his political course was fixed. He was appointed a 
delegate to Congress in 1775, and became a member 
of many important committees, including the Commit- 
tee of Safety. His services in financing the Revolu- 
tion were invaluable. On February 20, 1781, he was 
appointed Superintendent of Finance, and Washing- 
ton, while he was President, offered him the position 
of Secretary of the Treasury, which he declined. He 
accepted a seat in the United States Senate, where he 
served until 1795. He founded the Bank of North 
America. Toward the end of his life unfortunate busi- 
ness speculations proved disastrous. 



195. MORRIS, ROBERT Charles W. Peale 
See No. 194. 

196. MORRIS, MARY Charles W. Peale 

Wife of Robert Morris, whom she married March 2, 
1769, when she was a little over twenty years of age. 

114 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 194 

EOBEET MOERIS, PENNSYLVANIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

115 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

She was most accomplished and rich, and when mis- 
fortune overtook her husband she showed herself a 
true wife. 



197. MORRIS, LEWIS C. Noel Flagg 

(After John Trumhidl) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
York. Born 1726; died 1798. Graduated at Yale in 
1746 and interested himself in early life in farming. 
Was chosen a Member of Congress in 1775, and was 
appointed a member of the committee to devise means 
of supplying the Colonies with the necessaries of war. 
He was afterward sent West to assist detaching the 
Indians from their British allies, and inducing them to 
make common cause with the Colonists. In 1776 he 
returned and resumed his seat in Congress. He also 
rendered distinguished services in the State Legisla- 
ture. 



198. MORTON, JOHN 

(Memorial Tahlet) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Penn- 
sylvania. Born 1724; died 1777. In 1764 he was ap- 
pointed a member of the Colonial Assembly of Penn- 
sylvania, and later a Judge of the Supreme Court of 
that Province. Elected a member of Congress in 1774, 
and had he voted against the Declaration of Independ- 
ence the vote of Pennsylvania would have been against 
it, as the other delegates were equally divided. 

(There is no authentic portrait of John Morton known 
to be extant. Some years ago — 1876 — his descendants 
presented to the city of Philadelphia this small marble 
tablet erected to his memory.) 



199. MUHLENBURG, l^ilNRY MELCHOIR 

Charles W. Peale 

German-American clergyman. Born 1711; died 1787. 
He was one of the founders of the Lutheran church in 
America, a high-minded, public-spirited man. 

116 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 
0. MUHLENBUEG, TEBDEKICK AUGUSTS CONEAD 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

^f TTPTirv Melclioir Muhlenburg. 
American sold.er son of Hen^ Mele^^^ ^ _^.^.^^^_, 

Born 1750; died 1801. /i? "'"'. g^^h in Pennsyl- 

the Lutheran cliurch, offl«>*"f.S ''^ ""; He was 

vania and New York f™m »^„t° ''» ' ^„d twice 

i^^::^::^^ -i- - reaer. con- 

stitution. 

;01. MUHLENBURG, JOHN PETER GABRIEL 

. , f TToTirv Melchoir Muhlenburg. Born 

-Sr;:rd"w::forra.epa.£;f^ 

church in New Jersey. In 1772 he lemovea I » , 

where he continued to 'f °J„ "f'^e coimTssion of 

patriotism induced hini to jceept tne 

Colonel in the army. The story of ^'^/"^-^yB^i aie,. 

«-y i^ -" ,\""™SuhfeXi g 'wa" Tmember !f the 

frTt!?ec„id'72i thYrd Congreies, 1789-1795, and again 

1799-1801. 

202. NELSON, THOMAS, JR. 

Signer of the ,^3^ ^^:«T789' ^Ht^w^t^^e-lt/dTnir 

;a\Vc^°:t\"a^^r'siVgl\f Yo^^ktown as lommander 
of the Virginia troops. 

117 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 
203. NIXON, JOHN 

Soldier. Born 1733- diprl l«ns rr« 

of the c?tt jrp.T',P,'\"?'' " command of the guard 

20.. NOAn,LES.VISCOONTDE Albert Eosenthal 

Louis Marie de Noaille, TTro^.i, ,:,■ ^^ ""^^-'^ 

died 1804. He ca^e Ke,Tea If mo E»™ "56; 
teer, took part in the campaTgn 1?79 irs/^r 1^"^^' 

S;rn^dS-aX"t'eia£l?^^^^^ 

other privileges. He mnrrio,! ti, • ! "ghts and 
Lafayette. Soon aftpr T/l ^ ^"*" "^ Madame 
of TLor he emigrated to Err'r"''.' °* "« K«'8» 

DoS^rgo/^hlfh^'h^Tu^d Trzir^ a'"^ *;; «''*" 

he took up arms there \r^^^l n . ^^archy, and 

After a brilliant campaTgn he sta^te'd ft ^^«^^°^b«--- 

205. NORTH, CALEB .,, , ^ 

Albert Rosenthal 
qm;i,v« -r, , (After Bass Otis) 

K^o^tlne f ^Atrd^ing^VeT^ f.?" »«-^ 
considerable distinction Aft^,?!,! * Keyolut.on with 

warns he had ehar^o^f tt%Z ^To^nt li '^ 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



■'fc 



No. 107 

LEWIS MOREIS, NEW YORK 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

119 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

march from Virginia to York and Lancaster, Pennsyl- 
vania. At the close of the war he became a prominent 
merchant of Philadelphia, being elected High Sheriff 
of the county. He was president of the Society of 
the Cincinnati from 1828 until his death. 



206. OSWALD, ELEAZER Albert Rosenthal 

(After a ininiaiure) 

Soldier. Born 1755; died 1795. He was made a Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of Artillery in 1777, and distinguished 
himself under Arnold. Left the service in 1778, and 
published the "Maryland Journal." Oswald was a 
strong opponent of the political principles of Alexander 
Hamilton. In 1792 he went to England, and later to 
France, where he joined the Eepublican army. Shortly 
after this he returned to the United States, where he 
died of yellow fever. 

207. PACA, WILLIAM Frank B. Mayer 

(After Charles W. Feale) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Mary- 
land. Born 1740; died 1799. He studied law, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1764. In 1771 he was chosen 
a member of the Provincial Legislature, from which 
body he was sent as a delegate to the Continental 
Congress 1774-1779. Upon the adoption of the Con- 
stitution of Maryland he was elected State Senator 
for two years. He later became Chief Justice of the 
Superior Court of Maryland, and in 1780 became Chief 
Judge of the Court of Appeals in Prize and Admiralty 
Cases. He served as Governor of Maryland 1782-1786. 
He was appointed a Judge of the District Court of 
the United States in 1789. 



208. PAGE, JOHN Charles W. Peale 

Governor of Virginia. Born 1744; died 1808. From 
his youth he was a man of fine character. He was a 
patriot, statesman and philosopher, from the com- 
mencement of the Revolution, and exhibited a firm 

120 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 202 

THOMAS NELSON, Jr., VIEGINIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

121 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

attachment to the patriot cause and rendered it ex- 
cellent service. He was one of the first representatives 
from Virginia under the Federal Constitution. In 1802 
he was elected Governor of Virginia. 

209. PAINE, ROBERT TREAT Richard M. Staigg 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Massa- 
chusetts. Born 1731; died 1814. He was graduated 
at Harvard and studied theology, acting in 1755 as 
Chaplain of the troops on the Northern frontier. He 
afterward read law, and having acted, in 1768, as a 
delegate from Taunton, Massachusetts, to the con- 
vention called in Boston, he was chosen, in 1774, Rep- 
resentative to the General Assembly, and delegate to 
the Continental Congress 1774-1778. In 1780 he was 
Attorney-General, and in 1790 Judge of the Supreme 
Court of Massachusetts, but resigned the latter oflace 
on account of failing health. 

210. PAINE, THOMAS Bass Otis 

(After Jarvis) 

Political writer. Born 1737; died 1809. In early life 
he followed his father's trade as a staymaker. Com- 
ing to Philadelphia from England in 1774 he gave up 
this business and was employed as an editor of a 
Pennsylvania magazine. After the Revolution began 
he, at the suggestion of Benjamin Franklin, wrote his 
celebrated pamphlet ' ' Common Sense. ' ' For this tract 
the Legislature of Pennsylvania voted him £500. His 
*' Crisis" was of great service to the patriot cause, 
the first number of which, published in 1776, did much 
to relieve the despondency of Washington's Army. 

211. PALFREY, WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Patriot and soldier. Born 1741; died 1780. Active in 
the movements that preceded the Revolution, and vis- 
ited England in 1771. He was an aide-de-camp to 
General Washington, later being appointed a Pay- 
master-General with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. 

122 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

In 1780 he was appointed Consul- General to Erance 
and embarked on a ship for that country, but was 
never heard from again. 

212. PATEESON, WILLIAM Albert Kosen«i^^l 

Governor of New Jersey. Born 1745; died 1806. He 
walgraduated at Princeton in 1763 and was a Mem- 
ber of Congress, 1780-1781. In 1776 he was Attorney^ 
General of New Jersey. In 1787 he was a delegate 
from New Jersey to the convention which framed the 
Federal Constitution, and United States Senator 1789^ 
He was elected Governor of New \^'^'i;\^^%'J^^l 
served four years. Appointed Justice of the United 
States Supreme Court 1793. 

213 PEALE, CHARLES WILLSON Albert Rosenthal 

zid. jrx.«.xj*i, (After Charles TV. Peale) 

American painter and naturalist. Born 1741; died 
1827 He first took up the business of a saddler but 
turned to art, and established himself in Bos on where 
he studied uider Copley. Afterward went to London 
and was instructed by Benjamin West Peale served 
in the American Army during the ^f/^/^VhT' study of 
a time after its close devoted himself to the study ot 
natural history. He engaged in °^any grades and was 
famous for his versatility. He painted Portraits of 
Washington and of his principal officers. He was a 
popular lecturer, a manufacturer, an ingenious inven- 
tor and a credible scientific writer. 



214. 



PBNN, ADMIRAL SIR WILLIAM 

Father of William Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania. 
Born 1621; died 1670. He joined the navy in very 
farly life, knd became a Captain before he was twenty 
years of age. With unusual rapidity he obtained the 
Snks of lear-Admiral and Vice-Admiral of 1— 
and in 1652 was appointed by the King Vice- Admiral of 
England. In 1664 he was chosen Captam-Commander 
under the Duke of York, afterward James II, and was 
123 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

knighted. At the time of his death the crown was 
under heavy financial obligations to him; it was 
through this debt that William Penn was granted the 
Province of Pennsylvania by the King. 

215. PENN, WILLIAM Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Founder of Pennsylvania. Born 1644; died 1718. He 
was the son of Admiral Penn, of the British Navy. 
He was educated at Oxford, England, and became a 
preacher of the Quakers in 1668. William Penn be- 
came part ;)roprietor of Western New Jersey in 1675, 
and received the grant of Pennsylvania in 1681. In 
1682 he came to America, founded the City of Philadel- 
phia, and made his famous treaty with the Indians. 
He returned to England in 1684, but visited Pennsyl- 
vania again from 1699 to 1701. Penn was the author 
of various religious and controversial works, which 
were published under the caption of* ' * The Select 
Works of William Penn." 



216. PENN, WILLIAM Henry J. Wright 
See No. 215. 

217. PENN, HANNAH CALLOWHILL Henry J. Wright 

Second wife of William Penn, Founder of Pennsyl- 
vania. She was the daughter of Thomas Callowhill, 
and accompanied Penn to Pennsylvania in 1699, where 
she lived in great style. After her husband's death, 
during the minority of her children, as sole executrix, 
she assumed the management of the Colonial affairs. 
Her deputy in Pennsylvania at that time was Sir 
William Keith. 

218. PENN, THOMAS Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Born 1702; died 1775. He came to Pennsylvania in 
1732 to manage the Province. On his arrival he took 
his seat in the Council. He remained until 1741. Sub- 

124 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



^ 



No. 207 

WILLIAM PACA, MAEYLAND 
Jigner of the Declaration of Independence 

125 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

sequently there was a long struggle between the As- 
sembly and the proprietors, chiefly as to the taxation 
of the Penn estates. The Mason and Dixon line was 
run in 1767, and was confirmed in 1769. Thomas Penn 
did not marry until he was fifty years of age, and 
upon his death the Penn interests were succeeded to 
by his son John. 



219. PENN, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Grandson of William Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania. 
Born 1729; died 1795. Lieutenant-Governor of the 
Province of Pennsylvania 1763-1771, and Governor 
1773-1775. 



220. PENN, RICHARD Albert Rosenthal 

(After Kneller) 
Grandson of William Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania. 
Born 1735; died 1811. He was Lieutenant-Governor of 
the Province of Pennsylvania 1771-1773. 

221. PENN^S TREATY WITH THE INDIANS 

Benjamin West 
According to tradition William Penn met the Red- 
men (1682) under the branches of a wide-spreading 
elm tree in what was then the vicinity of Philadelphia. 
There solemn promises of mutual friendship were made. 
In accordance, however, with the principles of the 
Quaker faith, no oaths were taken. Each trusted to 
the other's simple word. That treaty was "never 
broken." This is the original canvas by Benjamin 
West, and is world-renowned. 

222. PENDLETON, EDMUND W. L. Marcy Pendleton 

American statesman. Born 1721; died 1803. In 1752 
he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses, 
and in 1774 a Member of Congress. In 1776 he drafted 
the resolution instructing the delegates of Virginia 
to propose in Congress a Declaration of Independence. 

126 



INDBl^ENDENCE HALL 

During the Kevolution he was chairman of the Vir- 
ginia Committee of Safety. When the State of Vir- 
ginia was organized he became Speaker of the House. 
He also presided over the State convention which rati- 
fied the Federal Constitution. From 1779 until his 
death he was President Judge of the Court of Appeals. 

223. PETERS, RICHARD Albert Rosenthal 

(After Bemhrandt Peale) 

American jurist. Born 1744; died 1828. Appointed by 
Congress Secretary of the Board of War during the 
Eevolution. In 1782 he was a Member of Congress^ and 
in 1792 a Judge of the United States District Court 
of Pennsylvania, which office he held for thirty-six 
years. 

224. PICKERING, TIMOTHY Charles W. Peale 

American statesman. Born 1745; died 1829. Gradu- 
ated at Harvard College in 1763; received a commis- 
sion as Lieutenant of militia in 1766. In 1775 he 
was elected Colonel. After the Battle of Lexington 
Colonel Pickering, with seven hundred Essex militia, 
joined the Continental Army, and next year became 
Adjutant-General and a member of the Board of War. 
In 1780 he was made Quartermaster-General, holding 
the office until it was abolished five years later. In 
1791 he negotiated a treaty with the Six Nations. The 
following year he was made Postmaster-General, hold- 
ing the office until 1795, when he became Secretary 
of War. He was Secretary of State 1795-1800. In 
1803-1811 he was United States Senator. 

225. PIKE, ZEBULON MONTGOMERY Charles W. Peale 

American soldier and explorer. Born 1779; died 1813. 
In the service of the Government he explored the 
headwaters of the Mississippi. He discovered Pike's 
Peak, reached the Rio Grande and was for some time 
held prisoner by the Spanish authorities. He served 
in the War of 1812, and was Brigadier- General in 

127 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

1813. He commanded the expedition against Toronto, 
before which place he was killed by the explosion of 
a powder magazine. 

226. PINCKNEY, CHARLES COTESWORTH 

Albert Rosenthal 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 

American statesman. Born 1746; died 1825. Educated 
in England. When the Eevolutionary AVar broke out 
he entered the Army as Captain, and the same year 
was promoted Major. He was Washington's aide-de- 
camp at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. 
In 1780 he was taken prisoner at the surrender of 
Charleston and detained for two years,_^when he was 
exchanged and was commissioned Brigadier- General. 
He was a member, from South Carolina, of the con- 
vention which framed the Federal Constitution, and 
introduced the clause forbidding religious tests as a 
qualification for office. In 1796 he was sent as Min- 
ister to France, but the Directory refused to receive 
him. It was while on this mission that, when it was 
intimated that peace might be granted in return for 
money payment, he made the reply: ''Millions for 
defense, but not one cent for tribute." When he re- 
turned to this country he was made Major-General. 
He was the third President-General of the Cincinnati. 



227. PINCKNEY, CHARLES COTESWORTH 

Albert Rosenthal 

See No. 226. (A copy) 

228. PINCKNEY, CHARLES Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
American statesman. Born 1758; died 1824. He was 
very active in the Eevolutionary cause. During the 
war he was taken prisoner and sent to St. Augustine. 
He served in the Provincial Legislature, and was a 
Member of the Provincial Congress. In 1787 he was 
a delegate to the convention which framed the Fed- 
eral Constitution, and signed that instrument. He 
was Governor of South Carolina 1789-1792, and again 

128 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 209 

EGBERT TREAT PAINE, MASSACHUSETTS 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

129 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

in 1796; United States Senator 1798-1801, and in 1802 
was appointed Minister to Spain by Jefferson. In 
1806 he was Governor again, and later a Member of 
Congress. 

229. PINCKNEY, THOMAS Albert Rosenthal 

(After John Trumbull) 

American soldier. Born 1750; died 1828. He was 
brother of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. He joined 
the Continental Army as a Lieutenant in 1775, was 
aide-de-camp to General Lincoln, and served in a simi- 
lar capacity under D'Estaiug and Gates. He was ap- 
pointed Governor of South Carolina 1789. United States 
Minister to Great Britain 1792-1794, and to Spain 1794- 
1796. He was the Federalist candidate for Vice-Presi- 
dent of the United States 1796. He was elected a 
Member of Congress from South Carolina 1797-1801. 
In 1812 appointed Major-General. He succeeded his 
brother as President-General of the Society of the 
Cincinnati. 

230. PLESSIS, CHEVALIER THOMAS DU 

(After a pastel hy La Tour) 

Thomas Antoine Mauduit Chevalier Du Plessis. Born 
1753; died 1791. He entered the French Army at the 
age of twelve years and studied for the artillery. He 
left in 1777 for America, distinguishing himself at the 
battles of Germantown and Red Bank. On his return 
to France he was appointed Commander of the Regi- 
ment Port-au-Prince, and was massacred by soldiers. 

231. PORTER, ANDREW Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles TV. Peale) 

American soldier. Born 1743; died 1813. Appointed 
Captain of Marines by Congress, and ordered on board 
the frigate Effingham. Shortly after this he was trans- 
ferred to the artillery in the Continental Army, being 
promoted to Major in 1782. In 1801 he was appointed 
a Brigadier- General of State militia and later Major- 
General. 

130 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

232. PORTER, DAVID Charles W. Peale 

American naval officer. Born 1780; died 1843. Served 
as a merchantman under his father and entered the 
navy in 1778. Took part in the Tripolitan War, 1801- 
1806, was taken prisoner on the frigate Philadelphia, 
and remained captive for eighteen months. He com- 
manded the Essex in the War of 1812, and captured 
the Alert, the first British war vessel taken in ttiat 
war. He was Naval Commissioner 1815-1823; was 
court-martialed, and suspended for six months for dis- 
obedience, 1825; resigned his commission and took 
charge of the Mexican Navy 1826-1829. Porter was 
Consul at Algiers 1829, and Minister to Turkey 1831. 



233. PULASKI, CASIMIR T. Ryas 

Polish Count and patriot. Born 1748; died 1779. 
Joined his father and brothers in the struggle against 
King Augustus, and after their death became com- 
mander of the insurgents and attempted to seize the 
King at Warsaw. Failing in this he was outlawed and 
sought refuge in various countries. In 1775 he made 
the acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin in Paris, came 
to Philadelphia in 1777, and was attached to the staff 
of Washington. Was made Brigadier-General by Con- 
gress. During the siege of Savannah he was wounded. 
He was taken on board the United States brig Wasp, 
where he died. 



234. RAMSAY, DAVID Charles W. Peale 

Physician. Born 1749; died 1815. Graduated at 
Princeton 1765, and the Medical School of the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania 1773. At the beginning of the 
Eevolution he took the field as Surgeon. He was a 
member of the South Carolina Legislature 1776-1783, 
a delegate to Congress 1782-1786. His death was 
caused by a pistol wound inflicted by a maniac whose 
insanity he had testified to. 
131 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

235. RAMSAY, NATHANIEL Remljrandt Peale 

Soldier. Born 1751; died 1817. Graduated at Prince- 
ton 1767. In 1776 he was appointed a Captain in the 
Revolutionary Army, and was later promoted Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel. Shortly after this he was captured 
by the British and subsequently saw no active service. 
Member of Congress 1786-1787. 

236. RANDOLPH, EDMUND JENNINGS Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Statesman. Born 1753; died 1813. Aide-de-camp to 
Washington 1775. Delegate to the Continental Con- 
gress from Virginia, 1779-1782. In 1787 a member 
from Virginia of the convention which framed the 
Federal Constitution. With Gerry and Mason he re- 
fused to sign that instrument. Governor of Virginia 
1786-1788, in 1789 Attorney-General of the United 
States, and in 1794 Secretary of State. 

237. RANDOLPH, PEYTON Charles W. Peale 

American statesman. Born 1721; died 1775. Gradu- 
ated at William and Mary College and later went to 
England to study law at the Temple. He was ap- 
pointed King's Attorney of Virginia 1748, and framed 
the remonstrance of the House of Burgesses to the 
King against the passage of the Stamp Act. He was 
later chosen Speaker of the House of Burgesses, was 
Chairman of the Committee on Correspondence, 1773, 
and President of the First Continental Congress, which 
met at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, and again when 
it reassembled May 10, 1775. 

238. READ, GEORGE Thomas Sully 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Dela- 
ware. Born 1733; died 1798. In 1774 elected to Con- 
gress. He strenuously opposed the adoption of the 
Declaration of Independence, maintaining that the 
time had not come for such action, and voted against 
it, but he finally signed it, and was afterward one of 

132 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 238 

GEOEGE READ, DELAWARE 

Signer of the Declaration of Independenc 

133 



CATALOGUE Oi' PICTUEES 

the stoutest supporters of the cause. In 1782 he was 
made Judge of the United States Court of Admiralty 
cases, and in 1793 Chief Justice of Delaware. He was 
also the first United States Senator from Delaware. 

239. REAL, PIERRE FRANCOIS, COUNT DE 

Charles W. Peale 

French politician and lawyer. Born 1760; died 1834. 
He was a partisan of Danton in 1793, and contributed 
actively in 1799 to the success of Bonaparte, who ap- 
pointed him a councillor of State, and gave him, in 
1808, the title of Count. 

240. RED-JACKET (SAGOYEWATHA) Charles W. Peale 

Celebrated Indian Chief, leader and orator of the 
Seneca Indians. Born 1751; died 1830. He earnestly 
opposed the treaty between the Six Nations and the 
United States for the cession of lands. In the War 
of 1812 he fought under the colors of the United 
States. 

241. REED, JOSEPH Charles W. Peale 

American patriot. Born 1741; died 1785. He studied 
law in England, and practiced in New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania. Was a delegate to Congress 1775, and 
was aide-de-camp and secretary to Washington. He 
was appointed Adjutant-General 1776, and Brigadier- 
General 1777. Eeed signed the Articles of Confedera- 
tion in 1778, and was President of the Supreme Execu- 
tive Council of Pennsylvania 1778-1781. He became 
famous for his reply to the British when they offered 
him fifty thousand dollars if he would persuade the 
Colonies to return to their allegiance: "I am not 
worth purchasing, but such as I am the King of Great 
Britain is not rich enough to do it.'* 

242. RITTENHOUSE, DAVID Charles W. Peale 

Eminent American astronomer. Born 1732; died 1796. 
He followed the trade of clockmaking, and also made 

134 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 







f 



No. 248 

GEOEGE BOSS, PENNSYLVANIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

135 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

mathematical instruments of excellent quality. His 
studies in astronomy had been carried on with his 
practical work to such an extent that in 1769, he com- 
municated to the American Philosophical Society a 
calculation of the transit of A^enus from his own ob- 
servations. Rittenhouse was a member of the con- 
vention which framed the Constitution of Pennsyl- 
vania of 1790. He organized the first United States 
Mint in Philadelphia, and was its first Director, 1792- 
1795. 

243. ROBINSON, THOMAS Charles W. Peale 

Captain of the Fourth Pennsylvania Battalion. Ap- 
pointed January 5, 1776, Major. October, 1776, he was 
wounded at Brandywine, and in 1777 was transferred 
to the Second Pennsylvania Artillery, being appointed 
Colonel in 1783. 



244. ROCHAMBEAU, COUNT DE Albert Rosenthal 

(After a miniature) 

Jean Baptiste Donatien de A^imeure Rochambeau, a 
French Field Marshal. Born 1725; died 1807. He 
served with distinction at Minorca, and with great 
credit in Germany. He commanded an army of six 
thousand men sent to the American Colonies' aid by 
the French King in 1780, and he contributed greatly 
to the victory at Yorktown. In 1791 he obtained the 
baton of a Marshal. 

245. ROCHAMBEAU, COUNT DE Charles W. Peale 
See No. 244. 

246. ROCHAMBEAU, VISCOUNT Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Donation Marie Joseph de Vimeure Rochambeau, a 
French General. Born 1750; died 1813. He served 
under his father in the American Revolution as Assist- 
ant Adjutant-General, and later went to Santo Domingo 
with Leclerc, at whose death, in 1802, he became Com- 

136 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

mander-in-Chief. In 1813 Eochambeau took part with 
The E^ench in the campaign in Germany and was killed 
at Leipsic. 

247. EODGEES,JOHN Charles W. Peale 

American Naval officer. Born 1771; died 1838. Ho 
fe"ve" as executive officer on"''; Constellatron at the 
capture of the French frigate L'Insurgente 1'99. 7°° 
71805 succedea Commodore Barron m command of the 
American snuadron operating against Tripoli. He com 
mended theVresiden? in 1811, and toolc an active part 
in the defense of the city of Baltimore in 1814. 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence f™» P«°°; 
sylvania. Born 1730; died 1779 Member of the Con 
tinental Congress 1774 and continued "nt'l l'"' ^° 
1770 he was appointed Judge of Admiralty for the 
siate of Pennsyfvania, but died shortly after assnm- 
iiig the office. 

249. RUSH, BENJAMIN Thomas Sully 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Penn- 
sylvania. Born 1745; died 1813. He was graduated 
at Princeton in 1760, and studied medicine m Edin- 
burgh, London and Paris, and in 1769 was -a^^ Pro- 
fessor' of Chemistry in the Medical College of Phxa- 
delphia. He was an active supporter of the Eevolu 
tSnary cause and was elected to the Continental Con- 
gress July 1 1776. He was appointed Surgeon-General 
S the Midkle Department 1777, and the same year 
became Physician-General of the Army. In 1^91 he 
was made Professor of Medicine in the University of 
Pennsylvania, being very successful in the treatment 
of yellow fever cases in the epidemic of 179^. 
137 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

250. RUSH, WILLIAM Charles W. Peale 

Sculptor. Born 1756; died 1833. Apprenticed to a 
wood carver in his youth. Eush first became known as 
a maker of figureheads on ships. Especially notable 
among his ship carvings are the ' * Genius of the United 
States," the ''Constellation," and busts of Voltaire, 
Benjamin Franklin and William Penn, He did not 
confine himself to figureheads, but carved statues. His 
best-known statue is that of George Washington, 1814, 
on exhibition at Independence Hall. Eush served in 
the Eevolutionary Army, and was a member of Phila- 
delphia City Councils for more than a quarter of a 
century. 

251. RUTLEDGE, EDWARD P. F. Wharton 

(After J. Earl) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from South 
Carolina. Born 1749; died 1800. Began the practice 
of law in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1773, and be- 
came a member of the first Board of War, after hav- 
ing been chosen a delegate to Congress in 1774. He 
was again elected to Congress 1775, 1776 and 1779, but 
in the following year was captured at the siege of 
Charleston and imprisoned at St. Augustine. In 1787 
he was a member of the General Assembly at Jackson- 
burg, South Carolina, and in 1798 was elected Gov- 
ernor of that State. He died before his term expired. 

252. RUTLEDGE, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(After John Trumhull) 
Born 1739; died 1800. Studied law in England and 
returned to South Carolina in 1761. Took an active 
part in the Eevolutionary cause; delegate to Congress 
1774-1775. In 1776 he was appointed President of 
South Carolina and Commander-in-Chief of that Col- 
ony. Governor of the State in 1779, Chancellor of the 
State in 1784, a member of the convention which 
framed the Constitution, and a signer of that instru- 
ment. Chief Justice of South Carolina, and appointed 
in 1795 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the 
United States, but was not confirmed. 

138 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



^1^ 
■^1 



No. 249 

BENJAMIN EUSH, PENNSYLVANIA 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

139 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUBES 

253. SAINT MEMIN, CHARLES Albert Rosenthal 

(After C. Saint Memin) 

Charles Balthazar Julien Fevre de Saint Memin, artist. 
Born 1770; died 1852. He entered as a cadet in the 
Military School of Paris and was appointed Ensign 
in 1788. Went to Canada in 1793 and later to New 
York. While in the army he gave his attention to 
drawing and painting. He constructed a pantograph 
while in America, with which he made many likenesses 
of famous men. In 1798 he secured a profile of Wash- 
ington, which is especially interesting as it was the 
last picture taken of him before his death. In 1810 
Saint Memin returned to France, only remaining there 
two years, when he came back to America and aban- 
doned engraving for portrait and landscape painting. 



254. SERGEANT, JONATHAN DICKINSON 

W. Wallace Gilchrist, Jr. 

(After Charles TV. Pealc) 

Born 1746; died 1793. Graduated at Princeton at the 
age of sixteen. In 1775 he was appointed Secretary 
of the Provincial Council of New Jersey. In 1776 he 
was elected a Member of Congress, and in 1777 was 
appointed, by the Executive Council, Attorney-General 
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. 
After the war he resided in Philadelphia. In 1792, 
when the yellow fever epidemic broke out in that city, 
he was very active in caring and providing for the 
sick and needy, even acting as a nurse in some cases. 
He contracted the disease himself and died from its 
effects in 1793. 



255. SAVAGE, EDWARD Albert Rosenthal 

(After C. Saint Memin) 

Painter. Born 1761; died 1817. He was at first en- 
gaged as a goldsmith. After studying for a while 
under Benjamin West, in London, he went to Italy. 
Before he went abroad he painted the Washington 
family, and, finding no engraver, engraved the picture 
himself. Of this print it is said he sold nine thou 

140 



INBEPENDENCE HALL 



'■7 



No. 251 

EDWARD RUTLEDGE, SOUTH CAROLINA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

141 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

sand copies at nine dollars each. He was an artist of 
good talent, but his attention was taken up with many- 
other pursuits as well as painting. 

256. SHULZE, JOHN ANDREW 

Governor of the State of Pennsylvania under the Con 
stitution ' ' ~ 

15, 1829. 



stitution of 1790, from December 16, 1823, to December 



257. SCHUYLER, PHILIP JOHN J. H. Lazarus 

(After John Trumbull) 

American General. Born 1733; died 1804. In 1755- 
1758 he served in the French and Indian War, and 
rose to the rank of Major. In 1775 he was a delegate 
to Congress, and in the same year was made a Major- 
General of the Continental Army. In 1779 he was 
reelected to Congress and resigned from the Army. 

258. SHEE, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(After a miniature) 

Colonel of the Third Pennsylvania Battalion. Ap- 
pointed January 3, 1776, and resigned his commission 
September 27, 1776. 

259. SHIPPEN, EDWARD Albert Rosenthal 

(After Gilbert Stuart) 

Mayor of Philadelphia. Born in England 1639; died 
1712. He came to America in 1668, locating in Phila- 
delphia in 1693. He was elected to the Colonial As- 
sembly and chosen its Speaker in 1695. Judge of the 
Supreme Court in 1697, and Presiding Judge of the 
Common Pleas, Quarter Sessions and the Orphans' 
Courts. In 1701 he became Mayor of Philadelphia. 

260. SHIPPEN, WILLIAM Gilbert Stuart 

Physician. Born 1736; died 1808. First professor of 
anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania. After 

142 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

studying medicine in Philadelphia he completed his 
tudfes^at Edinburgh. In 1777 he was chosen Direc 
tor-General of the medical department of the Conti 
nental Army. 

261. SHEKMAN.BOGEK .^^...^r^faW; 

ftic^ner of the Declaration of Independence from Con- 
necticut Born 1721; died 1793. He was a shoemaker 
necticux. ^ , appointed a Surveyor of 

ZT^s'u^lt^lleL^^^^ Judge of the Common 
Pleas Court and member of the upper house m the 
Legislature of Connecticut. In 1^66 Judge of ^he 
Superior Court. Delegate to Congress 1774 He was 
Mayor of New Haven, Connecticut, from 1784 until 
the time of his death. 

262 SIGNING OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 

UNITED STATES ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^.,^, 

In 1787 a convention of fifty-five members was held in 
PhiladelDhia to make a new Constitution, to be adopted 
fn'place'of tile Articles of Confederation., Washington 
presided at this convention, and a ^aoority of the 
State Legislatures sent their chief men to take part 
(n it The convention held a secret session of nearly 
four months before the new Constitution could be 
agreed upon. This convention met at Independence 
Hall. 

263. SMALLWOOD, WILLIAM Charles W. Peale 

Soldier Born 1732; died 1792. In 1776 he was 
Elected a Colonel in' the Maryland militia Eor his 
gallantry at the Battle of White Plains he was ap^ 
pointed by Congress a Brigadier-General In JJSO ?^e 
was raised to the rank of Major-General, but after the 
rmovalof General Gates he refused to serve under 
Ba'on Steuben. In 1785 he was elected a Member of 
Congress and in the same year was elected Governor 
of Maryland. 

143 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 
264. SMITH, JONATHAN BAYARD Charles W. Peale 

Member of Continental Congress. Born 1742; died 

1778' W.r' '^''*'? / ^""^^^^ «f Congress 1777- 
1778 Smith commanded a company of militia at the 
Battle of Princeton. After the war he settled in 
Philadelphia, where he became a successful merchant 
CourT ""^"^ ^'^'' ^ ^"^^" "^ *^^ ^«^"^«^ Plea^ 

265. SMITH, THOMAS Edward A. Bell 

Judge. Born 1745; died 1809. At an early age he 
espoused the patriot cause and served his country in 
a number of offices during the ReyolutLnar;* ^ar 
Coni/nf P ^^^ appointed a Judge of the Supreme 
death. ^"^^^^^^^"^^> a^d held that office until his 

266. SMITH, SAMUEL Charles W. Peale 

American soldier. Born 1752; died 1839. In 1776 he 
was appointed a Captain in the Maryland militia In 
the same year he was promoted to the rank of Malor 
and m 1777 to that of Lieutenant-Colonel. In ira he 
was challenged to fight a duel with Eleazer O wald 
On the advice of friends he declined the challenge. In 
1783 he was appointed Port Warden of Baltimore. In 
1793 was elected a Member of Congress, and later a 
member of the United States Sen! te, 'l803 Smith 
served for a short time as Secretary of 'the Navy He 
was a Major-General in the War of 1812. 

267. SNYDER, SIMON Charles W. Peale 

Governor of Pennsylvania. Born 1759; died 1819 He 
was a member of the convention which framed the 
State Constitution m 1790, and in 1797 was elected i 
member of the State House of Representatives. In 
thll f^ ^^^ ""rf ^ Governor of Pennsylvania, serving 
three terms. Upon his retirement he was elected to 
the State Senate in 1817. 



144 



INBEPENBENCE HALL 



No. 261 

ROGER SHERMAN, CONNECTICUT 

iigner of the Declaration of Independence 

145 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

268. SPAIGHT, EICHARD DOBBS Charles Saint M6min 

Governor of North Carolina. Born 1758; died 1802. 
He was a graduate of the University of Glasgow, 
Scotland. He returned to America in 1778 and was 
appointed an aide-de-camp to General Eichard Caswell. 
In 1781 he was elected a member of the North Caro- 
lina Legislature. In 1783 he became a Member of 
Congress. He was a delegate from North Carolina to 
the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution. 
In 1792 he was chosen Governor of North Carolina. 
He was again elected a Member of Congress in 1798, 
continuing in that body until 1801. 



269. ST. CLAIR, ARTHUR Charles W. Peale 

American soldier. Born in Scotland 1734; died 1818. 
He purchased a commission of Ensign in the Sixtieth 
British Foot in 1757 and came to America, serving 
under General Jeffrey Amherst. In 1759 he was made 
Lieutenant, and resigned that commission in 1762. In 
1764 he settled in Pennsylvania. In 1775 he was ap- 
pointed a Colonel of militia and delegated to treat 
with the Indian tribes in Western Pennsylvania. In 
1776 he was reappointed Colonel of the Second Penn- 
sylvania Regiment, and the same year was appointed 
Brigadier-General, and was later made a Major-Gen- 
eral. St. Clair served with distinction throughout the 
war. He was a Member of Congress 1785-1787. On 
the formation of the Northwest Territory, in 1789, he 
was appointed its Governor. 

270. STARK, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(After S. F. B. Morse) 

American General. Born 1728; died 1822 He was born 
in the wilds of New Hampshire, was captured by the 
Indians and adopted into the tribe. He participated 
in the French and Indian wars, raised recruits at the 
beginning of the Revolution, and saw much active 
service, distinguishing himself at the Battle of Ben- 
nington. At one time he commanded the Department 
of the North. 

146 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 273 

THOMAS STONE, MAEYLAND 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

147 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUBES 

271. STEWART, WALTER Albert Rosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

American soldier. Born 1756; died 1796. He was ap- 
pointed an aide-de-camp to General Gates in 1776, and 
Colonel of the Thirteenth Eegiment, Pennsylvania 
militia, in 1777. Stewart was considered one of the 
liandsomest men of his day. He had a distinguished 
career during the Eevohition and enjoyed the personal 
esteem and friendship of General Washington. 

272. STEUBEN, BARON Charles W. Peale 

Frederick William Augustus Henry Ferdinand. A Prus- 
sian General. Born 1730; died 1794. He entered the 
Prussian service in 1747, serving throughout the Seven 
Years War. In 1777 he came to the aid of the Ameri- 
can Colonies, receiving the commission of a Major- 
General, and was appointed Inspector-General of the 
American forces. He saw active service in New Jer- 
sey, checked Arnold's invasion of Connecticut, and 
was present at the surrender of Yorktown. In return 
for his services Congress granted him land and a 
pension. He remained in America and settled upon 
his land in New York, and died there at a town named 
Steubenville, in his honor. 

273. STONE, THOMAS Frank B. Mayer 

(After Charles TV. Teale) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Mary- 
land. Born 1743; died 1787. He began the practice 
of law at Fredericktown, Maryland. In 1774 he was 
chosen one of the Maryland delegates to Congress, and 
was again elected to that body in 1775, 1776, 1777 and 
1783, and in the intervening years he served as a mem- 
ber of the Maryland Legislature. 

274. STOCKTON, RICHARD George W. Conarroe 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Jersey. Born 1730; died 1781. After he was grad- 
uated at the College of New Jersey, in 1748, he read 

148 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

law and was admitted to tlie bar in 1754. APPoi^^f 
Tv^^e of^he Supreme Court in 1774, bavmg been pre- 
S;Vmemb^^^^ 

Sd m^rbrofa';orSerio%nspect t.e Nort^^^ 
ern Army, and while doing so was captured by the 
SrUith The severe treatment he received as a pris- 
oner of war undermined his health, which he never 
recovered. 

r,^^r.^Tn nATT-Ti Albert Rosenthal 

275, STRONG, CALEB ^^^^^^ ^.^^^^^ g^^^^.^j 

*1800 to 1807 he was Governor of Massachusetts. 

„ Albert Rosenthal 

276. STUAKT,GILBEET (Afte^M^ ^agle) 

Artist. Gilbert Stuart, or Gilbert .Charles as he is 

ral?.rr^arrA;iroTB*e?pf>^^^^^ 

S-He-r:tu^:e1' VlCr in ^^1'^^^ 
SiTefly in Philadelphia and Washington until 1805 

to most Americans. 

„An.T TOTiTsT Richard M. Staigg 

277 SULLIVAN, JOHN '^^^ 

American soldier^ Born mO; ^f ^H^^- „ He J- ;. 
Sld^'New^ ntpshr in Congress. In 1775 he was 



149 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

made Brigadier-General and was prominent in the siege 
of Boston. He was created a Major-General and given 
command at Long Island. He resigned his commis- 
sion in the Army in 1780 and was again sent to Con- 
gress. His services in securing the adoption of the 
Constitution were of great value. He was United 
States Judge 1789-1795. 



278. SUMTER, THOMAS Charles W. Peale 

American General. Born 1734; died 1832. He entered 
the British service in Colonial times, taking part in 
the Braddock expedition and in the French and Indian 
wars. At the beginning of the Revolution he was as- 
signed a command in South Carolina, with the rank 
of Lieutenant-Colonel, afterward becoming Brigadier- 
General. From 1780 to the close of the war he was 
engaged in guerilla warfare which proved very haras- 
sing to the British. After the close of the Eevolution 
he took an active part in politics, was a Member of 
Congress from South Carolina 1789-1793 and 1797- 
1801, United States Senator 1801-1809, and United 
States Minister to Brazil 1809-1811. At the time of 
his death he was the only surviving Revolutionary 
General. 



279. TAYLOR, GEORGE L. M. Schneider 

(After a miniature) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Penn- 
sylvania. Born in Ireland in 1716; died 1781. He 
came to this country in 1736 and was bound to an 
iron manufacturer at Durham, Pennsylvania. Later 
he established a large iron mill in Northampton 
County, and was sent to the Provincial Assembly from 
there, in 1754. He was reelected for each year until 
1770. Returning to Durham he was again sent to the 
Assembly in 1775, and was placed on the Committee 
of Safety. He was sent to Congress in 1776, in place 
of one of the five delegates from Pennsylvania who 
hesitated to agree to the Declaration of Independence. 

150 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 274 

EICHAED STOCKTON, NEW JEESEY 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

151 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

280. TALLMADGE, BENJAMIN Albert Rosenthal 

(After John Trumbull) 

American General. Born 1754; died 1835. Graduated 
at Yale in 1773, and became a school-teacher. When 
the Eevolution broke out he enlisted in a Connecticut 
regiment, attaining the rank of Major in 1777, and 
Colonel in 1779. He had charge of the execution of 
Major Andre, whom he greatly admired. After the 
war he was a Member of Congress 1801-1817. 

281. TAYLOR, ZACHARY Robert Street 

Twelfth President of the United States. Born 1784; 
died 1850. He entered the United States Army as a 
Lieutenant in 1808, and served in the War of 1812, 
attaining the rank of Major. He served in the Black 
Hawk War, 1832, became Commander-in-Chief of the 
United States forces in Florida in 1838, and in the 
Mexican War he was General. In 1848 he was elected 
President of the United States. 



282. TENNENT, COLONEL Charles W. Peale 



283. THOMSON, CHARLES Charles W. Peale 

Patriot. Born in Ireland 1729; died 1824. Came to 
America 1740, and lived in Delaware. In 1774 he 
came to Philadelphia, where he was called the "Sam 
Adams of Philadelphia." He was one of the first 
to take his stand with the Colonies, and exercised im- 
mense influence among the people, owing to their great 
respect for and confidence in him. In September, 1774. 
he was chosen Secretary of Congress and held that 
post up to 1789, when he retired to private life, taking 
up literature and writing as a pastime. 



284. THOMSON, CHARLES Charles W. Peale 

See No. 283. 

152 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 279 

GEORGE TAYLOR, PENNSYLVANIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

153 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

285. TILGHMAN, MATTHEW D. R. Berger 

Patriot. Born 1718; died 1790. Delegate to the Col- 
onial Assembly of Maryland 1751. Delegate to the 
Continental Congress. In June, 1776, he was sum- 
moned from his seat in Congress to attend the con- 
vention at Annapolis which framed the first Consti- 
tution of the new State of Maryland, over which he 
presided. It was through his absence from Congress 
at this time that he did not sign the Declaration of 
Independence. He continued to represent his State 
in Congress until 1777, when he resigned. Tilghman 
was considered by his contemporaries one of the firm- 
est advocates of civil and religious liberty of his time. 



286. TILGHMAN, TENCH Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
Soldier. Born 1744; died 1786. He began life as a 
merchant in Philadelphia. At the beginning of the 
Revolution he enlisted as a Lieutenant of infantry. In 
1776 he was appointed aide and military secretary on 
General Washington 's staff. He bore Washington 's 
dispatch to Congress on the surrender of Cornwallis 
at Yorktown. After the war he became a merchant in 
Baltimore. 



287. TREVILLE, DE LA TOUCHE Albert Rosenthal 

(After Pauliii Guerin) 

French Admiral. Born 1745; died 1804. He came to 
the aid of the Colonies as a Commander of the French 
fleet and assisted in the victory at Yorktown. He was 
elected to the States-General in 1789 and became a 
Rear Admiral in 1792, He commanded in a naval 
battle against the English Admiral Nelson in 1801. 



288. TRUMBULL, JOHN Albert Rosenthal 

(After Waldo Jewett) 

Soldier and artist. Born 1756; died 1843. Graduated 
at Harvard 1773, and when the Revolution broke out 
was made a member of Washington's military family 

154 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

'T'' wSTs'in the Xda in the Capitol at Wash- 
ence,' ^^ich is in tne paintings. He 

^^Sea a" altTof Ms wori^s tlxale College. 

289. TETJMBUI.I., JOSEPH ^.f,,,^?^^::^^ 

Member of the Continental Congress. Born IVS^j^f^^^ 

V''- .i^%mi!75 wat Com'Lissafy-General of the 
Congress l''*"" 1°' "7, „„ ^4 a Commissioner of 

rtr''oY4aTi™;{f^"^"« '■> ^^^ ^-*" 

year on account of failing health. 

™„,Tiv/n,TTT T TnT<r ATHAN Albext Rosenthal 

290. TRUMBULL, JONATHAN (^p^r John Trumhull) 

5Tr„i»p»-.».s. ;.- Si's;." 

that office until his death. 
291 TURNER, GEORGE 

IsTs he re"moie/to Philadelphia, where he resided up 
to the time of his death. 
155 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

292. VARICK, RICHARD Albert Rosentlial 

(After Ealph Earle) 

American soldier. Born 1753; died 1831. He was ap- 
pointed a Colonel in the Continental Army, and in 1783 
was one of Washington's staff, being his recording 
secretary. He was President of the American Bible 
Society, and was also Mayor of New York City. 

293. VARNUM, JAMES MITCHEL Charles W. Peale 

(After Ralph Earle) 

American soldier. Born 1748; died 1789. In 1774 he 
became Colonel of the Kentish Guards, and at the be- 
ginning of the Kevolution was commissioned a Colonel 
of the First Ehode Island Infantry. In 1777 Briga- 
dier-General of the Continental Army, which commis- 
sion he resigned in 1779, after much active service in 
the several campaigns of the war. He was a Mem- 
ber of Congress 1780-1782, and again in 1786-1787. In 
1787 he was appointed one of the Judges of the North- 
west Territory. 

294. VERGENNES, COUNT DE Albert Rosentlial 

(A copy) 
Charles Gravier A^ergennes, a French Count, statesman 
and diplomatist. Born 1717; died 1787. He was ap- 
pointed to the Electoral Court of Treves in 1750, and 
in 1754-1768 was Ambassador to Constantinople. After 
his return he was sent, in 1771, on a mission to Stock- 
holm, where he assisted Gustavus III in the revolution 
there. He became Secretary of Foreign Relations 
under Louis XVI in 1774, and concluded the Treaty 
of Alliance Offensive and Defensive with the United 
States in 1778, which involved France in a war against 
England. This war w^as ended by the Treaty of Paris 
in 1783. Vergennes remained in office until his death. 

295. VIOMENIL, BARON DE Albert Rosenthal 

(After Delaval) 

Antoine Charles du Houx Viomenil, French General. 
Born 1728; died 1792. He was second in command of 

156 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



I TaiiiiBiiffcii 
flnlMlllllll !' 



No. 297 

GEORGE WALTON, GEORGIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

157 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

the army of Rochambeau in the United States, to 
which he was sent in 1780. While defending the King 
against the populace of Paris, in 1792, he received a 
severe wound from which he died. 

296. VOLNEY, COUNT DE Charles W. Peale 

Constantin Francois Chassebasuf Boisgirais Volney, 
French Count, philosopher and traveler. Born 1757; 
died 1820. He crossed the Atlantic in 1795 and passed 
two years or more in the United States. He was a 
great friend of Washington as well as of Franklin. He 
complained that he was illtreated by the Government 
and by President John Adams. He supported Bona- 
parte, but declined the place of Minister 'of the In- 
terior. 

297. WALTON, GEORGE S. B. Waugh 

(After James Peale) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from 
Georgia. Born 1740; died 1804. He began the prac- 
tice of law in Augusta, Georgia, in 1774. Member of 
Congress 1776-1781. He was appointed Colonel of 
militia in 1778, and elected Governor of Georgia in 
1779, and again in 1789. He was Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Georgia and later became a United 
States Senator. 

298. WARD, ARTEMUS 

American soldier and jurist. Born 1727; died 1800. 
Graduated at Harvard in 1748. Lieutenant-Colonel in 
the French and Indian War. Commander-in-Chief of 
the Massachusetts troops in 1775, and Congress placed 
him first on the list of Major-Generals. He resigned 
on account of ill health in 1776. In that year he was 
appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas 
of Worcester County, Massachusetts. In 1777 he be- 
came President of the Massachusetts Executive Coun- 
cil. Ward was a member of the State Legislature for 
sixteen years, and its Speaker in 1785. From 1791 to 
1795 he was a Member of Congress. 

158 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 312 

WTTT.TAM WHIPPLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE 

sl^ne^^f the Declaration of Independence 

159 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 
299. WARREN, JOSEPH Charles W. Peale 

American soldier and physician. Born 1741; died 1775 
Graduated at Harvard 1759. Studied medicine and 
began practice m Boston. He was one of the Com- 
mittee of Safety appointed after the Boston Massacre. 
In 1/74 he drew up the '^Suffolk Eesolves," which vir- 
tually placed Massachusetts in an attitude of resist- 
ance. These ''Eesolves- were approved by the Con- 
tinental^ Congress. He was chosen President of the 
Provincial Congress in 1775. In the Battle of Bunker 
Hill he was struck by a bullet and instantly killed. 

300. WASHINGTON, GEORGE Robert Edge Pine 

American General, statesman, and first President of 
the United States. Born 1732; died 1799. He was 
the son of a Virginia planter. When his father died 
he inherited a large farm, attended country schools 
but never went to college. In 1748 he was employed 
by Lord Fairfax to survey a portion of his land sit- 
uated beyond the Blue Eidge Mountains. At the ao(' 
of nineteen he was appointed an Adjutant-GenerSl', 
with the rank of Major, of one of the districts into 
which Virginia was then divided. In 1753-durino 
the French and Indian War— he was sent by Gov*^ 
ernor Dmwiddie on an important mission to the 
French Commander He served as aide-de-camp to 
General Braddock m his disastrous expedition He 
was elected to the House of Burgesses of Virginia in 

I II n V-'^ ^^ T"""^ ^^^^^^^ delegate from Virginia 
to the Continental Congress. On June 15 1775 he 
was elected Commander-in-Chief of all the American 
forces, and on July 3 assumed command at Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts. From this time on he remained 
at the head of the Army until the close of the war 
i±e resigned his commission December 23 1783 and 
retired to private life. In 1787 he was chosen Presi- 
aent o± the convention which framed the Federal 
Constitution and signed that instrument. He was 
elected, without opposition. President of the United 
States April 6, 1789, and was inaugurated April 30. In 
160 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

1792 he was reelected President, and four years later 
declined a third term. He issued h/s famous Earewell 
Address to the people of the United States m 1796. 

301. WASHINGTON, GEOKGE ^Totffi/'; 
See No. 300. 

302. WASHINGTON. aEORGE ^^^^^^ .XrTs^Z 

See No. 300. 

303. WASHINGTON, GEORGE Rembrandt Peale 

See No. 300. 

304. WASHINGTON, MARTHA 

Wife of George Washington. Born 1732; died 1802. 
She was the daughter of Colonel John Dandridge. In 
1749 she married Daniel Parke Custis, who died m 
1757 She married George Washington m 1/59. Mrs. 
Washington had by her first husband four children; 
two died in infancy and the other two were adopted 
by Washington, by whom she had no children bhe 
was a woman of striking personality, of considerable 
wealth, and shared with her husband all the joys and 
sorrows of his remarkable life. 

305. WASHINGTON, WILLIAM Charles W. Peale 

Soldier. Born 1752; died 1810. But little is known 
of his life before the opening of the Revolution. In 
1775 he was commissioned a Captain m the Revolu- 
tionary Army. In 1779 he was commissioned a Colonel 
and given command of a regiment m the South. He 
was llected a member of the South Carolina Legisla- 
ture in 1783. 



161 



CATALOGUE OF PICTUEES 

306. WAYNE, ANTHONY Albert Eosenthal 

(After Charles W. Peale) 

American General. Born 1745; died 1796. He was 
educated at Philadelphia and became a land surveyor. 
Wayne was a member of the Pennsylvania convention 
of 1774-1775, member of the Colonial Legislature and 
of its Committee of Safety. He was commissioned 
Colonel of a Pennsylvania regiment in 1776, and in 
1777 Brigadier-General, joining Washington's army in 
New Jersey. He led the famous attack on Stony 
Point on the Hudson, reached the fort without being 
observed, and, by a bayonet charge, forced the garri- 
son to surrender. He took a prominent part in the 
surrender of Yorktown and in many other engage- 
ments. He was appointed Major-General commanding 
the United States Armv in 1792. 



307. WEBB, SAMUEL BLATCHLEY Albert Rosentiial 

(After Charles W. Fealr) 

Soldier. Born 1753; died 1807. He was appointed an 
aide to General Israel Putnam in 1776, and given com- 
mand of a regiment of Connecticut militia, which he 
raised at his own expense, in 1777. He was captured by 
the British in the same year and was not released until 
1780, when he was given command, with rank of 
Brigadier-General. General Webb held in his hand 
the Bible upon which Washington took his oath of 
office as first President of the United States. 



308. WEST, BENJAMIN Albert Rosenthal 

(After Gilhert Stuart) 

Distinguished painter. Born 1738; died 1820. He was 
President of the Eoyal Academy in England. As a 
boy in Pennsylvania his taste for painting was very 
early indicated. In 1760 he went to Italy, thence to 
Paris, and in 1763 to London, where he settled. In a 
short time he became famous; his works were exhibited 
in public galleries from 1764 for forty years. One of 
his masterpieces is on exhibition at Independence 
Hall: the famous "Penn's Treaty With the Indians." 

162 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



No. 313 

JAMES WILSON, PENNSYLVANIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

163 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

309. WEST, THOMAS Margaret Thomas 

(After L. A. Hilliard) 

Baron Delawarr (or Delaware). Died 1618. He was 
for a time Governor and Captain-General of Virginia. 
He was appointed to the post in 1609, and arrived 
at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1610. Baron Delaware 
remained there but one year, returning to England in 
1611. 

310. WHITE, ANTHONY WALTON Albert Rosenthal 

(After James Sharyless) 

Soldier. Born 1750; died 1803. In 1775 he was com- 
missioned a Major and made aide-de-camp to General 
Washington. In 1776 he was advanced to Lieutenant- 
Colonel, and in 1780 he was ordered by Washington 
to take command of all the cavalry in the Southern 
Army. 

311. WHITE, WILLIAM Charles W. Peale 

American Protestant Episcopal Bishop. Born 1748; 
died 1836. He was graduated at the College of Phila- 
delphia in 1765, and finished his theological studies 
in 1770. Was rector of Christ Church and Saint 
Peter's, in Philadelphia, 1779-1836. The degree of 
Doctor of Divinity was given to him by the University 
of Pennsylvania in 1782, it being the first honorary 
degree of that college. He was the presiding officer 
at the first Episcopal convention held in America, in 

1785. Bishop White wrote the Constitution of the 
American church, and was chosen its first Bishop in 

1786. He was also President of the first Bible Society 
in the United States. 

312. WHIPPLE, WILLIAM 

(After Charles St. Mem in) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Hampshire. Born 1730; died 1785. He was appointed 
a delegate to Congress from that State in 1775, 1776 
and 1778. In 1777 he was commissioned a Brigadier 
General in the Continental Army, participating in the 

164 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




316 



No. 

WILLIAM WILLIAMS, CONNECTICUT 

Signer of the Declaration of Independency 

165 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

battles of Stillwater and Saratoga. In 1782 he was 
appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State of 
New Hampshire. 

313. WILSON, JAMES P.F.Wharton 

(After James Peale) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Penn- 
sylvania. Born in Scotland 1742; died 1798. He came 
to Philadelphia in 1766 and obtained the position of 
tutor in the Latin department of the Philadelphia 
College. He read law in the office of John Dickinson, 
and, having been admitted to the bar, became eminent. 
He served as a Member of Congress in 1775, and was 
reelected for 1776-1777. He was, in 1787, a delegate 
from Pennsylvania to the convention which framed 
the Federal Constitution. He argued strongly in favor 
of its ratification, and delivered the oration at the 
procession formed to celebrate its adoption. In 1789 
appointed Justice of the United States Supreme Court. 

314. WILSON, JAMES Albert Rosenthal 

(After James Peale) 
See No. 313. 

315. WILLIAMS, OTHO HOLLAND Charles W. Peale 

(After James Peale) 
Soldier. Born 1749; died 1800. In 1775 he was ap- 
pointed a Lieutenant in the Maryland militia. Shortly 
after his appointment he was taken prisoner, and while 
confined suffered great hardship at the hands of the 
British. Upon his release he acted as Deputy Adjutant- 
General of the Southern Army. Near the close of the 
war he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. 
Williams was appointed Collector of the Port of Balti- 
more after the war, and held that office until his death. 

316. WILLIAMS, WILLIAM James Sawyer 

(After John Trumhull) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Con- 
necticut. Born 1731; died 1811. He was graduated 

166 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



'*i. 



No. 321 

JOHN WITHEESPOON, NEW JEESEY 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

167 



CATALOGUE OF PIC TUBES 

at Harvard in 1747, and, being attached to the staff 
of Colonel Ephraim Williams, made a campaign in 
1755. He became a prominent member of the Council 
of Safety, and a representative to Congress in 1776. 
For many years he served in the State Legislature, 
filled a large number of offices of trust, and was also 
a member of the State convention which adopted the 
Federal Constitution. 



317. WILLIAMSON, HUGH Albert Rosenthal 

(After Jarvis) 
Statesman. Born 1735; died 1819. Graduated at the 
College of Philadelphia 1757 and took up the study of 
theology, preaching for about two years. He later took 
up the study of medicine and practiced in Philadelphia. 
He was a Member of Congress 1784-1786, and again 
1790-1793. He was also a delegate from North Caro- 
lina to the convention which framed the Federal Con- 
stitution, and signed the same. 

318. WILKINSON, JAMES Charles W. Peale 

American soldier. Born 1757; died 1825. He com- 
pleted the study of medicine, and entered the Eevolu- 
tionary Army as Captain in 1775, serving in Canada 
and at Saratoga. He attained the rank of Brigadier- 
General, and Secretary of the Board of War. Wilkin- 
son was connected with the Conway cabal, which led 
to his resignation of his commission as Brigadier-Gen- 
eral. At the close of the war he went to Kentucky, 
where he engaged in trade. In 1791 he was reinstated 
in the Army by General Wayne and did good service 
against the Indians in the Northwest. In 1792 he was 
again appointed a Brigadier-General, and given su- 
preme command of the Army of the United States at 
the death of Wayne. He was Governor of Louisiana 
1805. He disclosed Burr's Southwestern imperial 
scheme to the Government, and was himself implicated 
in the conspiracy, but was exonerated. In the summer 
of 1813, during the War of 1812, he commanded, with 
ill success, the Northern frontier. He was dismissed 
from the service. He died in Mexico. 

168 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




No. 323 

GEORGE WYTHE, VIRGINIA 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

169 



CATALOGUE OF PiCTUEES 

319. WILLETT, MARINUS Albert Rosenthal 

(A copy) 
American soldier. Born 1740; died 1820. He was sec- 
ond in command in the action at Fort Stanwix (then 
Fort Schuyler), August, 1777, In 1780-1783 he com- 
manded the New York militia in the Mohawk Valley, 
making the last attack of the war on the British, at 
Oswego, in February, 1783. He was a member of the 
New York Assembly 1783-1784, and was Mayor of 
New York, 1807-1808. 

320. WILLIAM ni 

King of England, Scotland and Ireland. Born 1650; 
died 1702. Son of William II, Prince of Orange, and 
Mary Stuart, daughter of Charles I. In 1677 he mar- 
ried Mary, daughter of James II. Through a revolu- 
tion in which he was successful he called a convention, 
composed of peers and the sovereign members of the 
former House of Commons, which in 1689 voted that 
James had abdicated and that William and Mary 
should be declared King and Queen of England. He 
was succeeded by Queen Anne. 



321. WITHERSPOON, JOHN Charles W. Peale 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from New 
Jersey. Born 1722; died 1794. He was ordained a 
minister in Scotland in 1745, and in 1768 was chosen 
President by the Trustees of the College of New Jer- 
sey. This he at first refused but afterward accepted. 
He became pastor of the church in Princeton, and in 
May, 1776, became a Member of the Continental Con- 
gress. His services in the cause of liberty were un- 
tiring, and he remained a Member of Congress for six 
years. 

322. WOLCOTT, OLIVER J. R. Lambdin 

(After John Trumbull) 
Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Con- 
necticut. Born 1726; died 1797. He was graduated 

170 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 






No. 322 

OLIVER WOLCOTT, CONNECTICUT 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence 

171 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

at Yale and received a Captain's commission from the 
Colonial Governor of New York. Became Sheriff of 
Litchfield County in 1751, and in 1774 a member of 
the State Council. He filled the position of Judge of 
the Probate Court, and was one of the Commissioners 
of Indian Affairs from New York. Elected a delegate 
to Congress 1776-1778 and in 1780-1784. Lieutenant- 
Governor of New York from 1786-1796. Was elected 
Governor in the latter year and filled that position 
until his death. 



323. WYTHE, GEORGE J. F. Wear 

(After John Tmmhull) 

Signer of the Declaration of Independence from Vir- 
ginia. Born 1726; died 1806. He was a member of the 
Virginia House of Burgesses, and was appointed, in 
1764, on the commission organized to remonstrate 
against the proposed Stamp Act. He was again a mem- 
ber of the House of Burgesses 1768-1769, and in 1775 
was elected to the Continental Congress. Wythe was 
chosen Judge of the High Court of Chancery in 1777, 
and subsequently became Chancellor. He was for a 
time professor of law in the William and Mary Col- 
lege. He was a member of the convention which 
framed the Constitution of the United States and 
signed that instrument. 



324. YEATES, JASPER Albert Rosenthal 

(A copn) 
Judge. Born 1745; died ]817. At an early age he 
espoused the patriot cause, helping Congress in many 
ways through his untiring work in Pennsylvania. He 
held a number of offices at various times during the 
Revolution. In 1791 he was appointed Judge of the 
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, which office he held 
until his death. 



172 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 




173 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 




174 



THE 



JAMES SHARPLESS 
COLLECTION 



OF 



PORTRAITS IN PASTEL 



THE JAMES SHARPLESS COLLECTION 

JAMES SHARPLESS, the artist who made these 
small portraits in pastel, was born in England 
about 1751. He died in New York City February 26, 
1811. He came to America in 1794, but after remain- 
ing here several years, returned to England. He again 
came to America in 1809. 

This collection is the greater part of the only 
known work by him which is unquestionably authen- 
tic. The portraits are done on a thick gray paper, 
softly grained and of woolly texture. His colored 
crayons, which he manufactured himself, were kept 
finely powdered in small glass cups, and he applied 
them with a camel's hair pencil. Sharpless is said to 
have worked with great rapidity, completing a portrait 
in two hours, for which he charged fifteen dollars for a 
profile and twenty dollars for a full face. He usually 
made a replica of each portrait, which he retained for 
his own use. This personal collection came into the 
possession of a gentleman in Virginia as a pledge for a 
loan of $150. He took Washington's portrait in profile 
in 1796 in Philadelphia and the likeness has always 
been considered a very correct one. 

This collection was purchased, during the Cen- 
tennial in 1876, by the City of Philadelphia for 
exhibition in Independence Hall. 

176 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



325. ADAMS, JOHN 

See No. 2. 



326. ADET, PIERRE AUGXJSTB 

Trench diplomatist. fnev\\T^hity?o''th?Vudy 
the artillery service to ^^^^*%^5°'^^'iitics and was 
of chemistry, and later e^g^g^^^ in P^l^^^^^' ^^^^ I^ 

appointed ^-i^^.- ^' n^ntic rell lonf ^^^^^^ coun- 

1797 he broke of diplomatic ^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ,^ 

try. Before he left for -'^^^^^^o ne ci against 

the American people intending to inflame them , 
the policy of their Government. 

327. AMES, FISHER 

American stateman. Born l^^^; died 1808. Graduate^^^ 
«1- Harvard 1774. He was admitted to the bar m xio 
?n mS he was a member of the ^--4^,^^^^^^:; 
stitutional Convention, and -^^^^/^^^^ ^^^f^/^ive paTt i^ 

his health failed. 

328. BARD, JOHN 

■r> 171R. ^ipf! 1799 He received the 



177 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

practice there, and in 1788 became first President of 
the New York Medical Society. In 1795, when the 
yellow fever raged in New York, Doctor Bard, though 
nearly eighty years old, remained at his post. 



329. BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN 

American novelist. Born 1771; died 1810. He was of 
Quaker lineage. His attachment to books as a child 
was remarkable, and after receiving a liberal educa- 
tion under Robert Proud, the historian, he had at the 
age of sixteen formed plans for extensive literary 
work. He went to New York and in 1798 published 
his first novel, "Wieland." In 1803, having returned 
to Philadelphia, he began the ''Literary Magazine 
and American Register," which he published for five 
years. 



330. BURR, AARON 

Statesman. Born 1756; died 1836. He was graduated 
at Princeton 1772. He began the study of law, but 
at the outbreak of the Revolution abandoned his 
studies and joined the patriot army. He served with 
distinction in different capacities throughout the strug- 
gle. In 1788 he entered politics, and soon after was 
made Attorney-General of New York. In 1791 Burr 
was elected a United States Senator. In the Presi- 
dential contest in 1800 he entered the fight as a can- 
didate with great energy, and after a great contest 
was elected Vice-President of the United States. 
Through a political dispute he challenged Alexander 
Hamilton in 1804 to fight a duel; in this duel Hamil- 
ton was mortally wounded. For this act Burr was 
charged with murder, and was forced to flee to South 
Carolina, where he took refuge with his daughter. He 
later formed a conspiracy against the United States, 
for which he was arrested, charged with treason. After 
an exciting trial he was acquitted of the charge, but 
he was in such bad odium in America that he left the 

178 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

country, visiting in turn England, Sweden, Germany 
and France. He returned to America four years later 
and settled in New York. Burr's last days were one 
succession of bitter disappointments. He died m great 
disgrace and poverty at Port Eichmond, Staten Island. 

331. CLINTON, DE WITT 

Governor of New York. Born 1769; died 1828. He 
was the son of General James Clinton. Graduated at 
Columbia College 1786. In 1799 he was elected to the 
Senate of New York, after having previously spent 
two years in the House. In 1802 he was appointed a 
United States Senator. His last vote in the Senate 
was to confirm the treaty for the purchase of Louisi- 
ana. He was chosen Mayor of New York in 1803, and 
annually reelected except in 1807, 1809 and 1810, until 
1815 exerting himself in every way to promote the 
prosperity of that city. Elected Governor of New 
York in 1817, 1819, 1824 and 1826. During his admin- 
istration the Erie Canal was finished. 

332. CLINTON, JAMES 

American General. Born 1736; died 1812. During the 
war of 1756 between the English and French he served 
as Captain under Bradstreet, and in consideration of 
services rendered at the capture of Frontenac was ap- 
pointed Captain-Commandant of four regiments raised 
for the protection of the Western frontier of New 
York In 1775 he became Colonel of the Third New 
York Eegiment, and in 1776 was made Brigadier- 
General. In 1777 he made a brave defense of Fort 
Clinton against a British attack, and was wounded, but 
after the taking of the fort escaped personal capture 
by the British. In 1779 he distinguished himself m 
Sullivan's campaign against the Indians, and at the 
close of the Eevolution was present at the siege of 
Yorktown and at the reoccupation of New York. Ho 
served as a commissioner to adjust the boundary line 

179 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

between Pennsylvania and New York, was a member 
of the New York Legislature, and of the State conven- 
tion which adopted the Constitution of the United 
States. 

333. CRUGER, HENRY 

Politician. Born in New York 1739; died 1827. Went 
to England 1780, and succeeded his father as Mayor 
of Bristol, England, in 1781. He was elected to Par- 
liament in 1774, and reelected in 1784. After the 
American Revolution he came to New York and estab- 
lished himself there as a merchant. He was elected 
to the New York Legislature while still a member of 
the British Parliament. 

334. GUSHING, MRS. WILLIAM 

Wife of William Cushing, Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. At the organization of 
the Federal Government President Washington ap- 
pointed him to that office, which he held until his 
death, although for some time, by reason of ill health, 
he was unable to attend to his duties. Through all this 
time his wife was his constant companion and nurse. 

335. DAYTON, ELIAS 

Revolutionary officer. Born 1737; died 1807. He began 
his military career by joining the British Army and 
fought under Wolfe at Quebec. Subsequently he com- 
manded a company of militia, with which he marched 
on an expedition against the Northern Indians. He 
was a member of the Committee of Safety at the be- 
ginning of the Revolution. In 1777 he served as 
Colonel of the Third New Jersey Regiment, and aided 
in suppressing the mutiny of the New Jersey line 1781. 
He was made Brigadier-General 1783. After the war 
he served in the Legislature of his native State, and 
was made Major-General of militia. He was also 
Member of Congress 1787-1788. He was President of 
of the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati. 

180 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

336. FEW, WILLIAM 

See No. 69. 

337. GATES, HORATIO 

See No. 78. 

338. GREEN, ASHBEL 

American clergyman. Born 1762; died 1848. _ Grad- 
uated at PrncSon 1784. He was a non-commissioned 
officer for four years in tlie Revolution and tlien we^*. 
to Philadelphia, where he became pastor of the bee 
ond Presbyterian Church. In 1812 he was chosen Presi- 
^P.t of Princeton Theological Seminary, from which 
rtitLreTt^822, whL past ^^^JJ^^^^f^J^:^ 
He moved to Philadelphia ^g^^^; ,7^^/\".,^?< EsS 
to the poor and edited a paper called the l^nristian 

Advocate." 

339. HAMILTON, ALEXANDER 

See No. 97. 

340. HOBART, JOHN SLOSS 

Jurist Born 1738; died 1805. He was graduated at 
Yale 1757, studied' law, was admitted to the bar and 
practiced in New York State. He was a delegate to 
the Provincial Convention of 1775, a member of the 
New York Congress, and one of the committee to draft 
the State Constitution. In 1777 he became Judge of 
ihl District Court of New York. At the close of the 
RevSution he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme 
Court He was elected a United States Senator m 
1798. 

341. JEFFERSON, THOMAS 

See No. 130. 



181 



CATALOGUE OF PTCTUKES 

342. JOHNSON, WILLIAM SAMUEL 

See No. 135. 



343. KENT, JAMES 

Jurist. Born 1763; died 1847. He was graduated at 
Yale 1781. He then studied law and practiced his 
profession at Poughkeepsie and New York City, where 
he was Professor of Law at Columbia College. In 
1797 he was Eecorder of the City of New York, and 
in 1798 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court 
of that State, and in 1804 was made Chief Justice. In 
1814 he was appointed Chancellor. Eetired at the age 
of sixty and then wrote his famous commentaries. 



344. LE FEVRE 

Aide to Colonel Armand de la E-ouerie, who followed 
La Kouerie to America, and went with him when he 
was presented to Congress. He was offered a brevet 
of Colonel but refused it. 



345. LANGDON, JOHN 

See No. 149. 

346. LAURENS, HENRY 

See No. 150. 

347. LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R. 

See No. 163. 

348. McHENRY, JAMES 

See No. 172. 

182 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 



349. McKEAN, THOMAS 

See No. 174. 



350. MADISON, MRS. JAMBS 

Wife of President James ^-^^/^ ^^^^.e'' Slle wis 
1SAQ tTpt maiden name was Dorothy i'ayne. ^"°"' 

been said. 

351. MONROE, JAMES 

See No. 189. 

352. PINCKNEY, CHARLES COTESWORTH 
See No. 226. 

353. PUTNAM, RUFUS 

Surveyor-General 1793-1803. 



354. RUSH, BENJAMIN 
See No. 249. 



183 



355. 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 
SHEEBOURNE, COLONEL HENRY 

A Revolutionary officer. He served as Mnior ir. ^' 
Hum's Regiment and was takpn ^^^ .^^^^^ ^^ ^ar- 
''C.P(\arv >j TT^ ^ ^'^^. taKen prisoner at tne 

uedars He was commissioned to settJp fL I/ 
counts of Rhode Island with the United sl«fp« ?t 
represented Newport in the Aode T.]«;f f 3^ 
and was Treasure'r of Rhode fsL'nd from ITQ^lsTs ^^' 

356. SMITH, ISAAC 

t^on^1?7. ^'"'^ ^?^' ^''^ 1^^^- Graduated at Prince- 
ton 1775, was a tutor there, studied medicine and ^uh 
sequently followed that profession. He ea ?y espoused 
HP £^*/'?^'^^''/^^ commanded a regimen^t 1? 1776 
1783T«01 ^^^; of the Supreme Court of New Jersey 
1783-1801, and a Member of Congress 1795-1797. 

357. SMITH, SAMUEL 

See No. 266. 

358. SMITH, WILLIAM LANGSTON 

An American diplomatist and statesman. Elected to 
Congress from South Carolina in 1789, and il 1«00 
was appointed Minister to Spain. He published sev 
''^:l^:^ r ^iXr ^« -^- ^^' ^^^--eTf 

359. SPAIGHT, RICHARD DOBBS 

See No. 268. 

360. STOUGHTON, WILLIAM 

temporary Capital of the new nation ^ ™' **" 

184 



INDEPENDENCE HALL 

361 VON BERCKBL 

the temporary Capital of the new nation. 

362 VAN COETLANDT, PHILIP 

American soldier Born "«> f^^^ 1831. J" IJ^^ *,^ 
was commissioned ^ ^Y.TJT^S^e Colonel by Wash- 
York militia, and m l^e/a^^^'^N.w York Assembly 

iiz z.r:rurtZTVof,7\.^ country . 

1824. 

363 WADSWORTH, JEREMIAH 

Born 1743; died 1804. H" ."^f :*te%o;tHar°t' 
plans for the. improvement of brs native t^^^^, ^^^ 
ford, Connecticut, and ''c'd severai loca ^^^ 

Ug the ^--f^'^Jt^^ZJsTSevci Congress. 
• i'fS-tb^lolLTof}be Constit be was elected 

to Congress again 1789-17yt). 

S64 WASHINGTON, BUSHROD 

"" Lerican ^ur^t. Born aV6. died 182^. A nepb^^^^^^^ 

fSirnr Welega'^.fd the Virginia raHfyin, 
Convention on the Federal Const^tuton^ 1^^^^^^^ ^^ 

?r„itTst:t:s f- 1V98 Z^ ame of bis deatb. 



365. WASHINGTON, GEORGE 

See No. 300. 

185 



CATALOGUE OF PICTURES 

366. WAYNE, ANTHONY 

See No. 306. 

367. WEBSTER, NOAH 

Philologist, Born 1758- diprJ is^q tt 
at Yale 1778 In I7sq\n f /. .^^ ^^^ graduated 

stitute of the Enilh T ^^^*%;A Grammatical In- 
a spellinlbooir / Language,- which consisted of 

also'^ublfsh^^d's^^e^pXSeLt^^ ITlT^lT'l' ^^^ 
in New York the -Lmmerc a TdVertiser - %'n^ 

English LVngiTg^^^LttS^d f:%lT' '' ''^ 

368. WILKINSON, JAMES 

See No. 318. 



369. 



YRUJO, DON CARLOS MARQUIS DE 

elTatfd'aftru^nivt^^^^^^ ^' ''''■ He was 

the diplomatic servTcr o/ hfs cor^^^^^^ 
pointed Envoy Extra nr^ir, at,; T\ J-' • ^e was ap- 
tertiary to th^ vZTllTe! i^'^f.of^sT ""'^"P"- 



186 



SCULPTURE 



370. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN 

Bust in marble, presented by P. S. P. Conner, 
April 24, 1875. 



See No. 73. 

371. PAINE, THOMAS 

Bust in marble. 
See No. 210. 

372. PENN, THOMAS 

Bust in marble. 
See No. 218. 



S. H. Morse, 1876 



Patience Wright, 1773 



William Rush (in wood) 



373. WASHINGTON, GEORGE 

See No. 300. 

This wood carving is conceded to be the master- 
piece of the celebrated American woodcarver. 



374. WASHINGTON, GEORGE 

Bust in bronze. 
See No. 300. 



F. Barbedienne 



375. 



THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 

This is an original anastatic facsimile of the parch- 
ment made inS823 by order of President Monroe 
when John Quincy Adams was ^^^I'^^'y^'^J^^^^^^^ 
Adams, in compliance with a resolution of Congress 
of May 26, 1824, authorized the distribution of 200 
copies to the Signers who were then living, and their 
heirs. This is one of the copies. 
187 



$ 




CONGRESS HALL 
Where the First United States Congress Met 



¥■■■ 




Issued by The Descendants of the 

Signers of the Declaration 

of Independence 



M - 



Pre?s of G 



?s of George H Buchanan Company, Philadelphia 



